JavaOne2013: Implement a High Level Parallel API - Richard Ning

© 2013 IBM Corporation

Richard Ning – Enterprise Developer

9/24/2013

Implement high-level parallel API in JDK

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© 2013 IBM Corporation2

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About me

Richard Ning

IBM JDK development

Developing enterprise application

software since 1999 (C++, Java)

My contact information:

–:

mail:[email protected]

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What should you get from this talk?

■By the end of this session, you should be able to:

–Understand implementation of high-level parallel API in JDK

–Understand how parallel computing works on multi-cores

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Agenda

Introduction: multi-threading, multi-cores, parallel computing

Case study

Other high-level parallel API

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2

3

Roadmap4

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Introduction

Multi-Threading

Multi-core computer

Parallel computing

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Case study

■ Execute the same task for every element in a loop

■ Use multi-threading for the execution

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■ Can it improve performance?8

© 2013 IBM Corporationtime

CPU

t1t2

t1t2

t1

■ Multi-threading on computer with one core

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■ 100% CPU usage with single thread and multi-threading

• Performance even decreases with extra threading consuming

• Can't improve performance

• It is useless to

use multi-

threading(paral

lel API)

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■ Multi-threading on computer with multi-core

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Cor4 t4

t2

t3

t1

Cor3

Cor2

Cor1

Thread runs separately on every core

time

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■Raw thread

Any improvement? Executor

–Users need to create and manage it

Disadvantages

– Not flexible – the number of threads is hard to configure flexibly> core number, resources are consumed in thread context, even decrease performance< core number, some cores are wastedNo balance, the calculation can't be allocated into every core equally

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■ Separate creation and execution of thread■ Use thread pool to reuse thread

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■A high-level API concurrent_for

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The API is easy to use, users only need to input executed task and data range and

don't care about how they are executed. However they still have disadvantages.

1. The number of

thread in thread

pool isn't

aligned to core

number

2. Task executes

an entry once,

which isn't

sufficient

3. A task is

targeted to a

thread, which

isn't flexible

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1 2 3 nThread Pool

1 3 n2Tasks

m

1 2 3 4

CPUCore

Thread

Task

Core: 4Thread: nTask: m

Overloading: n>>4

Not flexible: m >n

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1 2 3 4

Thread Pool

1 2 3 4

CPUCore

Thread

Thread number = core number

Core number doesn't align to thread number: Use fixed thread pool

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Task division: another task division strategy ForkJoinPool

ForkJoin

Task2 Task3

Task5 Task6 Task7

Divide and conquer

1. Divide big task into small tasks recursively2. Execute the same operation for every task3. Join result of every small task

Task4

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Task1




Better use for divide and conquer problem Balancing: Work queue by thread and task stealing Oversubscription and starvation: Configuring thread number

Task dividing is static instead of dynamic. Task dividing granularity isn't configured properly according to running condition.

Task daviding strategy is from programmers who need to design it themselves in different implementation scenarios.

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New parallel API based on task scheduler

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1 2 3 4

Thread Pool

1 2 3 4

CPUCore

Thread

1

2

3

4

5

TASKQUEUE

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7

8

11

12

16

13

14

15

9

10

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18

19

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Initial statusTasks are allocated equally,One thread by one coreEvery thread maintains its task

queue which consists of

affiliated tasks25


1 2 3 4

Thread Pool

1 2 3 4

CPUCore

Thread

2

3

4

5

10 15

Unbalancing loading

TASKQUEUE

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1 2 3 4

Thread Pool

1 2 3 4

CPUCore

Thread

2

3 22

10

4

15

5

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Balancing loading by

task stealing and

adding new tasks who

probably have different

task granularity.

TASKQUEUE

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Parallel API with new working mechanism - concurrent_for

Range: the range of data set [0, n)

Strategy: the strategy of dividing range: automatic, static with fixed granularity. In

automatic case, task granularity is probably different

Task: the task which executes the same operation on range

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Other high-level parallel API

Can add data set while executing it concurrently.concurrent_while

Use divide_join based task to return calculation result.concurrent_reduce

Sort data set concurrently.concurrentsort

for example, a matrix multiply another matrixint[5][10] matrix1 , int[10][5] matrix2int[5][5] matrix3 = matrix1 * matrix2int[5][5] matrix3 = concurrent_multiply(matrix1, matrix2)

Math calculation

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Anyway we always can achieve performance improvement by

parallel computing based on multi-cores.

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Scalable

Roadmap

■Implement high-level parallel API in JDK based on new task scheduler

Correct

Portable

High performance

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Review of Objectives

■Now that you’ve completed this session, you are able to:

–Understand design of new parallel API based on task.

–Understand what parallel computing is and what is good for

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Q & A

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Thanks!

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Technology

JavaOne2013: Implement a High Level Parallel API - Richard Ning