New  Top-­‐Level  Domain  Names  

Munich  26  September,  2011  

Agenda  

•  ICANN

•  Domain names

•  New gTLD Program Development •  Policy development •  Rights protection •  Malicious conduct mitigation

•  Where to get more information  

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ICANN  

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What  is  ICANN?  

•  Internet  CorporaAon  for  Assigned  Names  &  Numbers  

•  We  do:  •  “Names”;  servicing  the  Domain  Name  System  

•  “Numbers”;  allocaAng  IP  address  blocks  

•  “Parameters”;  maintaining  data  bases  for  IETF  

•  Develop  policy  in  boOom-­‐up  processes  involving  all  stakeholders  globally  

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What  is  ICANN?  •  A  mulA-­‐stakeholder,  

•  private  sector  led,  boOom-­‐up  policy  development  model  

•  for  DNS  technical  coordinaAon  

•  that  acts  for  the  benefit  of  global  Internet  users.  

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Opera6ng  Principles  •  Help  keep  the  unique  idenAfiers  system  

and  root  management  stable  and  secure  

•  Promote  compeAAon  among  registrars  and  registries,  and  thus,  promote  choice  for  registrants  

•  “MulA-­‐stakeholder”:  a  forum  where  many  different  groups  can  work  out  Internet  Policy  

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The ICANN Community

What  ICANN  does  not  do  

• Content  on  the  Internet  • Spam  

• Financial  transacAons  online  • Consumer  protecAon  law  

• Data  protecAon  law  •  Intellectual  property  law  • E-­‐commerce,  e-­‐educaAon,  e-­‐government,  etc.  

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Addi6onal  Resources  

•  hOp://icann.org    •  hOp://gnso.icann.org    •  hOp://ccnso.icann.org    •  hOp://aso.icann.org    •  hOp://www.atlarge.icann.org    •  hOp://gac.icann.org    •  hOp://www.icann.org/en/commiOees/security/    

•  hOp://www.icann.org/en/commiOees/dns-­‐root/    

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 The  Anatomy  of  a  Domain  Name  

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www.mee6ng s . i c a nn . o r g  

First  or  Top-­‐Level  Second-­‐Level  Third-­‐Level  

Terminology  Clarifica6ons  

•  gTLD  -­‐  generic  Top-­‐Level  Domain    

•  Operated  through  an  agreement  with  CIANN  

•  UnAl  today,  limited  to  ASCII  character  

•  ccTLD  -­‐  country  code  Top-­‐Level  Domain  •  Operated  by  the  local  registry  operator  under  the  rules  of  

that  jurisdicAon  

•  UnAl  recently,  limited  to  two-­‐leOer  ISO  Country  Codes  

•  IDN  -­‐  Interna6onalized  Domain  Name  

•  Domain  name  represented  by  local  language  characters  

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ROOT  

New  gTLDs   IDN  ccTLDs  

.

.brand   .generic  .city   .acronym  

.gIDNs  

.region  .community  .امارات

.рф   السعودية

مصر

. 香港

.சிங்கப்பூர் . ไทย

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New  gTLD  Program   Fast  Track  Program  

.name  

.gov  

.mobi  

.asia  

.arpa  

.edu  .com  

.cat  

.jobs  

.travel  .museum  

.net  

.tel  

.org  

.int  .info  

.biz  

.mil

.aero  

.pro   .post  

.coop  .xxx  

gTLD .jp  

.br  

.nl  .eg  

.eu  

.mx  

.cc  

.cv  

.dm  

.hr  .py  

.ru  

.sg  

.pt  

.va   .ws  

.nz  

.au  .mo  

.kr  .jm   .tv  

.be  

.cl  

.is  

.tr   .cn  ccTLD

What  is  a  gTLD  Registry?  

•  gTLDs  have  an  Agreement  with  ICANN:  specific  technical  requirements  

•  A  registry  is  the  authoritaAve,  master  database  of  all  domain  names  registered  in  each  top-­‐level  domain    

•  Keeps  the  master  database  and  also  generates  the  "zone  file"  which  allows  computers  to  route  Internet  traffic  to  and  from  top-­‐level  domains  anywhere  in  the  world  

•  Most  Internet  users  don't  interact  directly  with  the  registry  operator;  users  can  register  names  by  using  registrars  

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What  is  the  New  gTLD  Program?  • An  iniAaAve  that  will  enable  the  introducAon  of  generic  top-­‐level  domain  names  (including  IDNs)    

•  Intended  to  realize  full  benefits  of  growing  Internet    

•  Intended  to  facilitate  compeAAon,  choice  for  Internet  users  and  innovaAon  

• Encourage  parAcipaAon  of  communiAes  

• Geographic  •  Language  •  Cultural  

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 ICANN’s  Mission  and  New  gTLDs  

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1998 - founding documents “The new corporation ultimately should … oversee policy for

determining the circumstances under which new TLDs are added to the root system”

ICANN Memoranda of Understanding “Define and implement a predictable strategy

for selecting new TLDs”

gTLD  Timeline  

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Predating ICANN (before 1998)

2000 Round

2004 Round

.com .edu .gov .int .mil .net

.org .arpa

.aero .biz .coop .info .museum

.name .pro

.asia .cat .xxx .jobs .mobi .tel

.travel .post

New gTLD Program Policy development Dec 2005 to Sep 2007

Public Participation and the Draft Applicant Guidebook •     October  2008  (version  1)  •     May  2009  (excerpts)  •     March  2009  (version  2)    •     October  2009  (version  3)  •     February  10  (excerpts)  •     May  2010  (version  4)  •     November  2010  (proposed  final  version)  •     April  2011  Discussion  Drah  •     May  2011  Applicant  Guidebook  

Board Approval of

Final Guidebook

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ICANN Board Policy approval

Jun 2008

Publication Final

Applicant Guidebook

Communications Campaign

20 June 2011

On-going status reporting on

ICANN’s website

Program Launch 12 January – 12 April 2012

New gTLD Policy Development

•  21-­‐month  intensive,  boOom-­‐up  effort  by  ICANN’s  volunteer  policy  development  body,  tesAng  “implementability”  

•  Face-­‐to-­‐face  meeAngs  

•  Numerous  public  comment  periods  

•  Informed  by  several  independent  working  groups  

•  IDN  

•  Reserved  names  

•  ProtecAon  of  right  

•  Informed  by  ICANN’s  Advisory  CommiOees  

•  Governmental  Advisory  CommiOee  Principles  on  New  gTLDs  

•  The  At-­‐Large  community    

•  Security  and  Stability  Advisory  CommiOee     18 18

Policy Conclusions

•  New  gTLDs  will  provide  benefit  :  •  Broaden  DNS  parAcipaAon  

•  Increased  choice,  compeAAon  

•  Include  IDNs    

•  New  gTLDs  should  not  cause  security  or  stability  issues  

•  AllocaAon  method  and  selecAon  criteria  guidance  •  Limited  by  rounds  

•  Not  limited  by  category  

•  Certain  important  issues  should  be  protected  

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Interests to be Protected in the Process

•  Intellectual  property  rights  

•  Community  interests  

•  Limited  public  interest  safeguards:  sensiAve  names  

•  User  confusion  should  be  avoided  

•  Interests  of  governments  

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Policy Implementation: Applicant Guidebook

•  IteraAon  with  ICANN  community  

•  Seven  complete  versions  of  Guidebook  

•  47  comment  periods  –  over  2400  comments  /  analyses  

•  55  Explanatory  memoranda  /  Independent  reports  •  Economic  studies  

•  ConsultaAon  with  SSAC  /  RSAC  /  Root  Server  Operators  

•  Development  of  dispute  resoluAon  processes  

•  Right  protecAon  mechanisms  and  malicious  conduct  miAgaAon  measures  

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Rights  Protec6on  Mechanisms  &  

Mi6ga6ng  Malicious  Conduct  

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Development of Rights Protection Mechanisms

•  A  team  formed  from  IP  experts  recommended  specific  Rights  ProtecAon  Mechanisms    

•  Subsequent  public  consultaAons  •  Online  forums  (~300  comments)  &  comment  analysis  

•  Sydney,  New  York,  London,  Seoul  meeAngs  

•  Then,  a  mulA-­‐disciplinary  team  examined  the  policy  aspects  of  IP  team  recommendaAons  

•  ICANN’s  Governmental  Advisory  CommiOee  and  Board  collaborated  on  improvements  

•  Result:  a  set  of  trademark  protecAons  for  new  gTLDs  

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Right Protection Mechanisms

•  At the “top-level,” i.e.,

o  during the TLD application and evaluation processes

o  during registry operations

•  At the “second-level,” i.e.,

o  when domain names are registered in the new registry

o  when registrant operate domain name sites

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During the evaluation process:

Grounds for Formal Objection to a new TLD Application •  Legal Rights – infringement of the objector’s rights •  String Confusion – string causes confusion •  Limited Public Interest – violates principles of int’l law •  Community – misappropriation of a community label

Characterised by independent dispute resolution

ICANN’s Governmental Advisory Committee Advice on New gTLDs •  Concerns based on national laws or other sensitivities

Trademark protections against second-level abuses

•  Purpose:  •  miAgate  need  for  defensive  registraAons,  and    

•  lower  costs  for  trademark  owners  

•  Trademark  protecAon  mechanisms  •  Trademark  Clearinghouse  

•  Mandatory  Sunrise  process  

•  Manadtory  IP  Claims  process  

•  Uniform  rapid  suspension  process  

•  Mandatory  “thick”  Whois  data  

•  Post-­‐delegaAon  claims  directly  against  registry  

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REGISTRY LIFECYCLE

PRE-LAUNCH LAUNCH ONGOING OPERATIONS

IP CLEARINGHOUSE UNIFORM RAPID SUSPENSION

POST-DELEGATION DISPUTE PROCESS

IP CLAIMS

SUNRISE

Rights Protection Mechanisms

UDRP

THICK WHOIS

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Malicious Conduct Mitigation Measures

•  Enhanced  requirements  and  background  checks  

•  Disclosure  of  previous  involvement  in  UDRP  process  

•  Demonstrated  plan  for  DNSSEC  deployment  

•  No  wildcarding  /  remove  glue  records  

•  ElecAve  TLD  security  designaAon  program  

•  Requirement  for  thick  Whois  

•  Publish  anA-­‐abuse  contact  and  suspension  procedures  

•  Expedited  Registry  Security  Request  process  

•  Centralised  zone  file  access  

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Applying  (or  not)  for  a  gTLD  

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When…  

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Evaluation Process

more tomorrow…..

Confidential & Proprietary 32  

Program Timeline

Receive  Applica6ons  

Jan  2012  

Process  Applica6ons  

Apr  2012  

Transi6on  to  Delega6on  

Nov  2012  

Delegate  TLD  

Dec  2012   Dec  2013  

Whether  or  not  I  Choose  to  Apply…  

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Monitor  the  program  to  understand  poten6al  benefits  and  risks:  

The  New  gTLD  Program  is  intended  to  bring  benefit  to  the  billions  of  Internet  users  who    do  not  apply  for  a  TLD  

 Understand  new  opportuniAes   Impact  to  brand/trademark  

 Impact  to  community  and  geographic  names  

 Changes  to  Internet   User  behavior  

More  Informa6on…  

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NewgTLDsICANN  

•  Applicant Guidebook

•  Factsheets

•  Global Events

•  Public Comments

•  Explanatory Memos

•  Independent Reports

•  www.icann.org/newgtlds  

•  New  gTLD  Program  web-­‐pages  

•  Write  to:  newgtld@icann.org  

Conclusion  

As  the  introducAon  of  new  top-­‐level  domains  draw  near,  ICANN  remains  commiOed  to  conducAng  the  process,  and  enforcing  agreements  in  a  way  that:  

• Assures  ongoing  stability  and  security  of  the  DNS  

• Protects  the  legal  rights  of  others  

• Promotes  compeAAon  and  choice  for  users  

• Engenders  global  stakeholder  parAcipaAon  in  the  Internet  

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Thank  You