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IMD09117 and IMD09118 Web Design and Development Unit 7
Layout principles continued
Basic design principles
Version A Unit 7 ©2008 Napier University
Proximity
Alignment
Repetition
Contrast
Repetition
Version A Unit 7 ©2008 Napier University
Repetition creates a unified statement
The opposite is episodicity
The repetitive element may be a bold font, a thick rule line, a certain bullet, colour, design element, particular format, spatial relationships etc. It gives consistency.
Repetition
Version A Unit 7 ©2008 Napier University
An effective way of repeating a structural element is to use a line or rule.
Reinforces structure and provides lines along which the eye can travel.
Rules can interfere with one another and direct the eye in more than one route.
Repetition
Version A Unit 7 ©2008 Napier University
Adding a light rule at the top and bottom of the screen will add order to the pages.
Making the lower rule a lighter weight will help to lead the eye through the display.
Repetition
Version A Unit 7 ©2008 Napier University
Structural repetition is particularly important in user interfaces to online information systems.
Navigation system needs to be the same in place and function similarly throughout
Visual invariance maintains visual momentum across displays.
Repetition
Version A Unit 7 ©2008 Napier University
Typefaces in headlines and subheadings and the space around them.
Graphics used should be similar in style.
Differing image styles harder to create a feeling of consistency.
A unified graphic language creates a personality for a system http://www.buyarock.com
Repetition
Version A Unit 7 ©2008 Napier University
Consistency from the spacing between controls as well as the size of controls
Use of grids that help with the vertical and horizontal spacing. Roughly 5-7 divisions in the horizontal spacing.
Pulling a design element outside of the borders unifies two or more pieces, or foreground and the background.
Repetition
Version A Unit 7 ©2008 Napier University
Repetition adds visual interest. Decide if you can you make the
repetitive element stronger. Find the existing repetitions and
make them stronger. Create repetitions to enhance the
design and the clarity of the information.
Make sure that it is not overwhelming.
Repetition
Version A Unit 7 ©2008 Napier University
http://www.417north.com/v7/
http://www.bbc.co.uk/science/humanbody/
http://www.napier.ac.uk
Contrast
Version A Unit 7 ©2008 Napier University
Contrast is the most dynamic of the visual techniques. Opposite is harmony.
Sharpening can be associated with contrast and levelling with harmony.
Contrast and harmony are differing ends of a continuum.
Contrast
Version A Unit 7 ©2008 Napier University
Contrast is effective ways to add visual interest to screens or pages.
Harmony is a way of constructing ‘safe’, balanced and attractive solutions to design problems and often advised for inexperienced designers.
Contrast
Version A Unit 7 ©2008 Napier University
Contrast HarmonyInstabilityIrregularityComplexityFragmentationIntricacyExaggeration
Contrast
Version A Unit 7 ©2008 Napier University
Contrast HarmonyInstability StabilityIrregularity RegularityComplexity SimplicityFragmentation UnityIntricacy EconomyExaggeration Understatement
Contrast
Version A Unit 7 ©2008 Napier University
Contrast HarmonyActivenessBoldnessAccentVariationDistortion
Contrast
Version A Unit 7 ©2008 Napier University
Contrast HarmonyActiveness StasisBoldness SubtletyAccent NeutralityVariation ConsistencyDistortion Accuracy
Contrast
Version A Unit 7 ©2008 Napier University
Contrast HarmonyDepthJuxtapositionRandomnessSharpnessEpisodicity
Contrast
Version A Unit 7 ©2008 Napier University
Contrast HarmonyDepth FlatnessJuxtaposition SingularityRandomness SequentialitySharpness DiffusionEpisodicity Repetition
Contrast
Version A Unit 7 ©2008 Napier University
Contrast is created when two elements are different.
Contrast by any of the perceptual qualities: size, value, orientation, texture, shape, position or colour.
Contrast
Version A Unit 7 ©2008 Napier University
If the two elements are not very different, they are said to conflict.
Effective design creates no more contrast then is necessary.
Variation along only one dimension at a time.
Contrast
Contrast
Version A Unit 7 ©2008 Napier University
Contrast organises your information.
Use contrast in your titles, heads, and subheads and page segments
Use contrast to help create a focal point for a page.
Also use strong alignment and proximity to reinforce your focal point.
Contrast
Version A Unit 7 ©2008 Napier University
All contrasts should be intended to fulfil a specific communication goal.
Often with a GUI this is to provide critical state feedback.
Active, selected or focussed elements need to be contrasted with the surrounding areas.
Contrast
Version A Unit 7 ©2008 Napier University
The most important information should be prominent enough to emerge from the design and secure the user’s attention almost involuntarily.
Less important information may require focal attention and conscious effort to extract.
Contrast
Version A Unit 7 ©2008 Napier University
Contrast
Version A Unit 7 ©2008 Napier University
Avoid excessive contrast. Too many differences: sizes, fonts, widgets and in particular garish colours.
http://developer.gnome.org/projects/gup/hig/1.0/layout.html
http://www.colorado.edu/AmStudies/lewis/Design/usable.htm
Contrast
Version A Unit 7 ©2008 Napier University
http://www.colette.fr/index.phphttp://www.artcenter.edu/ http://www.nationalgeographic.com/
education http://www.blueman.com.br/#
Summary
Version A Unit 7 ©2008 Napier University
The four basic design principles of proximity, alignment, repetition and contrast will help to design interfaces.
The principle of repetition is that you repeat some aspect of the design throughout the whole piece. It gives consistency.
Summary
Version A Unit 7 ©2008 Napier University
Contrast is one of the most effective ways to add visual interest to screens or pages.
You can contrast by any of the perceptual qualities.
If the two elements are not very different, they are said to conflict.