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CSC103 – INTRODUCTION TO

COMPUTING Jahan University

Computer Science DepartmentLecturer: Islahuddin JalalMaster in Cyber Security

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Topics to be discussed

Introduction to computer Characteristics of computers Evolution of computer systems Capabilities and limitations of computer system

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Class Policy

A student must reach the class-room in time. Late comers may join the class but are not entitled to be marked present.

Attendance shall be marked at the start of the class and students failing to secure 75% attendance will not be allowed to sit in final exam.

The assignment submission deadline must be observed. In case of late submission, ten percent may be deducted from each day.

Those who are absent on the announcement date of the assignment/test. Must get the topic/chapter of test/assignment confirmed through their peers.

Mobile phones must be switched-off in the class-rooms.

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Grading Evaluation for Network Management

  Internal Evaluation    Midterm Exam 20%    Attendance 5%    Assignment/Presentations 5%    Quizzes/Tests 10%  Total Internal Evaluation 40%  Final-term Examination    Final-term Exam 60%  Total Marks 100%

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What is Computer?

The word computer comes from the word “compute”, which means, “to calculate”

Thereby, a computer is an electronic device that can perform arithmetic operations at high speed

A computer is also called a data processor because it can store, process, and retrieve data whenever desired

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Data Processing The activity of processing data using a computer is called

data processing

Data is raw material used as input and information is processed data obtained as output of data processing

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Characteristics of Computers

Automatic Speed Accuracy Diligence Versatility Remembrance Power No I. Q No Feelings

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Automatic

Done without thinking or human interventions Given a job, computer can work on it automatically without human

interventions

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Speed

A very fast device Perform operation with high speed Usually measured in

Microseconds (10-6) Nanoseconds (10-9) Picoseconds (10-12)

The amount of work that a man can do in an entire year, computer perform that work in seconds even in milliseconds.

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Accuracy

computer is basically made for two main reasons Speed Accuracy

The degree of accuracy of computer depends on its design each and every calculation or task is performed with the same accuracy.

Note: Errors may occur in computers, but these are man made errors rather than technological weakness, that is imprecise thinking by a programmer

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Diligence

Computer is free from Boredness, Tiredness Lack of concentration.

It can work for hours without creating any error and without any complain.

Computer has a little edge over in doing routine type of jobs that require great accuracy. If ten million calculations have to be performed, a computer will perform

the last one with exactly the same accuracy and speed as the first one.

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Versatility

Computer is a versatile device. It can adapt itself in any condition or situation.

One moment, it is preparing the results of particular examination, the next moment it is busy preparing electricity bills.

So, a computer is capable of performing any task provided that the task can be reduced to a series of logical steps.

We can do variety of work in computer. It just requires the particular software to perform required work.

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Remembrance Power

Computer can store and recall any amount of information because of its secondary storage capability.

It forgets or looses certain information only when it is asked to do so.

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No I.Q

I.Q stands for Intelligence Quotient. As computer is a machine which does not have intelligence of its

own. Computer perform the tasks that is fed to it. So therefore, it cannot take its own decisions. It is not like human beings who possess thinking capability.

Allah gifted the thinking capability to human while human trying to gift the thinking capability to computer.

As now-a-days programmers are trying to make computer an intelligent machine. Programmers are programming artificial intelligence in computers using different languages.

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No Feelings

Computer is a machine due to which it is lacking emotions and feelings.

Although men have succeeded in building a memory for the computer, but no computer possesses the equivalent of a human heart and soul.

Based on our feelings, taste, knowledge, and experience, we often make certain judgements in our day to day life. But computers can not make such judgements on their own.

Their judgments is based on the instructions given to them in the form of programs that are written by us.

They are only as good as man makes and uses them. As computers have no feelings they work for us day and night without any difficulty.

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Evolution of computer systems

People were searching for fast and accurate calculating device, as a result computer came into being. There are several researchers and scientists who played a key role in the evolution of computer systems.

First mechanical adding machine was invented by Blaise Pascal in 1642. Baron Gottfried Wilhelm von Leibniz of Germany invented the first

calculator for multiplication in 1671. Keyboard machines originated in the United States around 1880 Around the same period, Herman Hollerith came up with concept of

punched cards that computers used extensively as input medium even in late 1970s.

Business machines and calculators made their appearance in Europe and America towards the end of the 19th Century.

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Evolution of computer systems

Charles Babbage is considered to be the father of modern digital computers He designed “Difference Engine” in 1822 He designed a fully automatic analytical engine in 1842 for performing

basic arithmetic functions His efforts established a number of principles that are fundamental to the

design of any digital computer

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Some well known Early computers

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Capabilities of Computer System

We see computer everywhere: at home in school in the hospital in the bank in bookstores department stores at recreation centers in other places.

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Capabilities of Computer System

They are important pieces of equipment and they help man in so many ways.

Many people depend so much on computers. They use computers to do their work,

to have fun to keep in touch with their loved ones to store important documents and so on.

Because computers are capable of doing so many things. The following are the capabilities of a computer.

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Capabilities of computer systems

The computer processes information very fast. The computer gives accurate results. Some scientists use the

computer in their experiments. The needed data for their experiments are processed in the computer. They can get almost perfect and more accurate results through it.

The computer stores large amount of data and information. The computer enables one to restore or bring back any of his works. It is automatics. The computer can do two things at the same time. The computer can be improved and upgraded.

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Limitation of Computer Systems

The computer is not a perfect machine. Thus, it has its own limitations, like the following: The computer can only do what you tell it to do. It cannot generate information on its own. The computer will give you wrong information if you feed it with wrong

data. The computer cannot correct wrong instruction. Depends on user

END

Thanks for hearing…………………….