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11/03/09 Lecture 4:The Bacterial World 1
bio 1.0
Online bioscience course for grades 6-12
Fall 2009
11/03/09 Lecture 4:The Bacterial World 2
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Class mechanics…
• Attend the online Office Hour on Tuesdays at 3 PM via tokbox-Discuss previous week’s video lecture• Online video lecture e-mailed every Wednesday-view lecture and prepare to discuss the following Tuesday• Comment on video lecture using website discussion board• Online Final Exam given 12/9/2009
11/03/09 Lecture 4:The Bacterial World 3
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Lecture 4: The bacterial world
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Take Homes:
I. Bacteria have highly organized structuresII. The genome of bacteriaIII. Bacterial cell movement IV. Bacterial cell growth and metabolismV. Bacterial films and the “microbiome”
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The basic structure of a bacterium (prokaryote):
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Bacterial surface types:
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Diffusion:
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Active diffusion:
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Bacterial types:
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Bacterial conjugation:
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bacterial_conjugation
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Transformation:
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transformation_%28genetics%29
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The pGLO plasmid:
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PGLO
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Bacteria use their flagella to move:
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The structure, assembly and function of the flagellum:
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ey7Emmddf7Y
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Bacterial genome:
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Bacterial genome-”gene music”:
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=G8ZAGi4ZlFI
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Take Home I
From their cell membranes and flagella down to the organization and replication of their DNA bacteria are highly organized and efficient structurally…
Bacteria have highly organized structures
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The flagellum “control circuit”:
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In bacteria, genes that are part of a “circuit” often are grouped together in the genome:
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The trp operon:
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8aAYtMa3GFU
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Take Home II
The DNA genome of bacteria is very highly organized and efficient…
The genome of bacteria
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Bacterial growth:
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gEwzDydciWc
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DNA replication:
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Bacterial motility:
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zlFRJftA2bU
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Bacterial motion and disease:
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YZIg8FL4alA
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Take Home III
The mechanisms and controls of movement in bacteria are highly varied and play a role in disease…
Bacterial cell movement
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In prokaryotes, chromosomal DNA replication starts from a single point (an ori) and proceeds bi-directionally…
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Semi-conservative DNA replication:
http://www.dnatube.com/video/3028/Semiconservative-Replication
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Glycolysis and fermentation:
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UmfYnjHs8nk
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Take Home IV
Bacterial growth and metabolic pathways are well defined processes…
Bacterial cell growth and metabolism
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Biofilms I:
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biofilms
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Biofilms II:
5 stages of biofilm development. Stage 1, initial attachment; stage 2, irreversible attachment; stage 3, maturation I; stage 4, maturation II; stage 5, dispersion. Each stage of development in the diagram is paired with a photomicrograph of a developing P. aeruginosa biofilm. All photomicrographs are shown to same scale.
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Biofilms III:Stromatolites, proof of Life's Origin
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4opsN_iQdEs
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The human microbiome:
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zzxEaGjXFZw
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Take Home V
Bacteria can form multicellular structures known as biofilms and also form complex symbiotic relation ships within higher organisms such as humans…
Bacterial films and the “microbiome”
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Next Week:
Higher cells
How higher cells are structured and how they function…
11/03/09 Lecture 4:The Bacterial World 37
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instructorMark E Minie PhD