Society and Culture with Family Planning & HIV/SARS Prevention (SSCI 101) Leonessa Tabios Lecturer ldtabios@ama.edu.ph

1. Differentiate the types of society

2. Illustrate the development of

power and hierarchy in the

society

Refers to people who interact within a

defined territory and who share a culture

the same interest like religious, political, environmental or

scientific and other purposes

Types of society

according to technology

based on the exploitation of wild plants and animals they live in naturally occurring shelters like caves, and overhangs leaders are rarely supported by hunter-gatherer societies & they had a small number of population they used simple tools like spear, bow and arrow, and stone knife to gather food or hunt animals

Hunting & gathering society

Types of society

according to technology Horticultural and pastoral society

Horticultural they use hand tools to cultivate crops they clear the land through “slash and burn”, plant crops for two to three years and transfer to another place for fertile land Pastoral primary means of survival is domesticated livestock they move seasonally in search of fresh pastures and water for their animals

Types of society

according to technology Agrarian societies

use of animals and more reliable tools for planting discovery of metallurgy the use of the plow increased soil fertility as well as made agriculture more efficient social institutions like religion and political institutions have been developed to cater to the needs of the growing populations

Types of society

according to technology Industrial societies

industrialism is the technology that powers sophisticated machinery with advanced sources of energy discovery of new machines was prompted by the increasing demand of a growing population it resulted to more developed hierarchies and division of labor assembly lines, division of labor and new market system emerged intellectual transformation became a requirement for people who want to be part of the new system

Types of society

according to technology

Postindustrial societies

primary means of subsistence comes from service oriented work increasing number of service sector or jobs rather than creating goods specialization is defined mechanization in manufacturing information, knowledge and creativity are seen as the new raw materials of the economy

Social

Structure

1.Distinguish how roles and

statuses affect society

2. Illustrate the socialization

process

Social

Structure

our manner of

interaction and

relationship is

characterized by

social ordering

social structure

gives us a system of

organization and

stability in our day to

day activities &

interaction with

people

one’s position in a group or society actions and behaviors are constrained because of status status is important in positioning and local people in social structure like priest, mayor, mother, attorney and doctors and others limitations are sometimes centered on gender, age, and social affiliations we need to follow what has been approved by society

Status set – statuses that a person hold at a

given time

Types of Status

Ascribed status a position in society because of inheritance or lineage determined by the relationship of the person to the one who is presently occupying the status e.g. monarchy - heir to the throne; business corporations – owner of the business (parents); inheritance of their children

Types of Status

Achieved status status that is achieved through individual abilities, hard work, and educational merit can be achieved through competition which society permits and requires in recognizing the individual’s uniqueness and interest

e.g. lawyers, teachers, actors, police, doctors

Types of Status

Master status a status that has an exceptional importance for social identity, often shaping a person’s entire life It is at the core of their social identity and influences their roles and behaviors Occupation is often a master status because it forms such an important part of people’s identities and affects their other roles

Refers to patterns of

expected behavior

attached to a particular

status

doing the role should

be in conformity with the

status he/she occupies

the difference: we

occupy the status and

play a role

Role performance

the expected

behavior of people

who occupy the

status

some who occupy

the status do not do

what is expected of

them to do

sometimes there is

a conflict on how

they should do it

and how they

actually do it

Role Set a person has many more roles than statuses, as each status typically has multiples roles attached Robert Merton defines a role set as a number of roles attached to a single status

Role Conflict conflicting expectations arising from multiple roles it can threaten their ability to focus on the interest of their status e.g. the role of the president who is pressured to execute the death penalty law but is having conflict because of his/her religious belief

Role Strain this occurs when individuals find the expectations of a single role incompatible, so that they have difficulty performing the role e.g. A supervisor who is often confronted with difficulties in mingling with his subordinates.

Role Exit (by Helen Rose Ebaugh – 1988) the process by which people disengage from social roles that have been central to their lives Four-stage model of role exit: 1. Doubt 2. Search for alternatives 3. Action stage or

departure 4. Creation of new identity