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Projects

Contribution by Criteria

E

Coordination

Financial

Safety

Security

Environmental

O&M

Capacity

Reliability

Regulations/Public Health

See Benefit Cost

Back to INPUT Worksheet

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LOS DEFINITION

Level of service (LOS): LOS represents a service vs cost assessment. So establishing an LOS is equivalent to establishing an understanding of service vs cost for one or more levels of service.

WORKSHOP ASSIGNMENT

• Break into groups of 8-10

• Decide if group wants Water or Sewer focus

• Determine 3 Categories for LOS (e.g. water quality, redundancy, pressure)

• For each Category, determine 3 different levels of service, and the key cost factors

• Identify how you could get customer input

LOS Tool Example

• Some of the tools used in establishing LOS based on water quality are a taste/odor chart, for example, such as the following slide

Example Water LOS Categories• Quality

– Taste– Smell– Hardness– Color

• Availability/Redundancy (generators, looping/backfeeds, #customers out of service, etc)

• Criticality/Reliability – SDWA Compliance– Critical assets in service: hospitals,schools, transmission

• Pressure (too much, not enough, irregular?)

• % losses (assume this is paid by customers)

• Capacity and/or Fire Flow

Determining LOS

• Example LOS Criteria for Taste Quality

Example LOS Criteria

• Reliability– SDWA compliance - % of users impacted

annually– Impact to critical assets– Maximum/Avg # users impacted per break– May include redundancy – generators, etc

Example Variations in LOS

• Reliability Goal:

• Max 25 customers out of service for any one break

• Cost Implication:

• Need more valves?

• Need “parallel” transmission main(s)? Or storage at opposite end from supply?

Example Sewer LOS Categories• Quality (Effluent compliance with EPA

standards, or any community desire for cleaner)• Redundancy (generators for plant, pump/lift

stations, internal plant redundancy during repairs, etc)

• Odor (at pump stations, plants, or other problem locations)

• Reliability/Maintenance (frequency of back-ups, overflows, etc)

• Improvements to reduce O/M costs passed on to users (energy, I/I treatment costs, etc)

• Capacity

WORKSHOP ASSIGNMENT

• Break into groups of 8-10

• Decide if group wants Water or Sewer focus

• Determine 3 Categories for LOS (e.g. water quality, redundancy, pressure)

• For each Category, determine 3 different levels of service, and the key cost factors

• Identify how you could get customer input

WHAT DID WE LEARN??

QUESTIONS??

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