Limestone

LIMESTONE CHALK

LIMESTONE

LIMESTONE ROCKS

Limestone

Limestone is a sedimentary rock composed largely of the minerals calcite and aragonite, which are different crystal forms of calcium carbonate (CaCO3). Many limestones are composed from skeletal fragments of marine organisms such as coral or foraminifera.

CAco3 Molecular Structure

Erosion of limestone

Limestone makes up about 10% of the total volume of all sedimentary rocks. The solubility of limestone in water and weak acid solutions leads to karts landscapes, in which water erodes the limestone over thousands to millions of years. Most cave systems are through limestone bedrock.

Erosion of limestone

Limestone

Limestone has numerous uses, including as building material, as aggregate to form the base of roads, as white pigment or filler in products such as toothpaste or paints, and as a chemical feedstock.

A building made up of limestone

Limestone

The Great Pyramid of Giza, one of the Seven Wonders of the Ancient World; its outside cover is made entirely from limestoneGreat pyramid of Giza

Limestone quarry in Virginia U.S.A

Limestone in middle ages

Limestone was also a very popular building block in the Middle Ages. Many medieval churches and castles in Europe are made of limestone. Beer stone was a popular kind of limestone for medieval buildings in southern England.

Sydoriv Castle, in Ukraine Made up of limestone

Limestone Caves

A stalactite is a type of speleothem (secondary mineral) that hangs from the ceiling of limestone caves. It is a type of dripstone. The corresponding formation on the floor of the cave is known as a stalagmite.

Limestone Cave in U.S.A

UNDERGROUND LIMESTONE FEUTURES

Stalactite:They are formed when

rain water falls from the roof

of the cavern evaporating

the water and depositing

calcium carbonate(calcite).

Limestone Chalk

Chalk is a soft, white, porous sedimentary rock, a form of limestone composed of the mineral calcite. It forms under reasonably deep marine conditions from the gradual accumulation of minute calcite plates shed from micro-organisms called coccolithophores. Chalk can also refer to other compounds including magnesium silicate and calcuim sulfate.

Limestone Chalk

Fossiliferous Limestone Oolitic Limestone

A limestone that contains obvious and abundant fossils. These are normally shell and skeletal fossils of the organisms that produced the limestone.

A limestone composed mainly of calcium carbonate "oolites", small spheres formed by the concentric precipitation of calcium carbonate on a sand grain or shell fragment.

Other limestone types:


Cavern:They are created when

water runes underground and a chemical reaction causes limestone to be eroded, this continues to create a cavern.


CHEMICAL WEATHERINGChemical weathering is the process at which limestone is weathered to create caverns and

caves.CaCO3 + H2O + CO2

(Limestone (water) (Carbon dioxide calcium from the carbonate) atmosphere)

Ca(HCO3)2 Calcium

bicarbonate


Malham cove:It has 3 types of rock: Silurian limestone,

Combrifirous limestone, Bowland Shales.There is impervious rock where the surface

rivers are and then porous rock where the swallow holes are this allows for the erosion of the limestone so cave and caverns can be created. This is

essential for the creation of stalagmites and stalactites.

USES OF LIMESTONE

It is the raw material for the manufacture of quicklime (calcium oxide), slaked lime(calcium hydroxide), cement and mortar.

Pulverized limestone is used as a soil conditioner to neutralize acidic soils.

It is crushed for use as aggregate—the solid base for many roads.

Geological formations of limestone are among the best petroleum reservoirs;

As a reagent in flue-gas desulfurization, it reacts with sulphur dioxide for air pollution control.

Glass making, in some circumstances, uses limestone.It is added to toothpaste, paper, plastics, paint, tiles, and

other materials as both white pigment and a cheap filler.

USES OF LIMESTONE

It can suppress methane explosions in underground coal mines.

Purified, it is added to bread and cereals as a source of calcium.

Calcium levels in livestock feed are supplemented with it, such as for poultry (when ground up).

It can be used for remineralizing and increasing the alkalinity of purified water to prevent pipe corrosion and to restore essential nutrient levels.

Used in blast furnaces, limestone extracts iron from its ore.It is often found in medicines and cosmetics.It is used in sculptures because of its suitability for carving.

IMAGES

IMAGES

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wGWwPxqwb7c

The End Hecho por: Pablo Bilbao Ignacio Sádaba Javier Lavilla Lucas Ibañez

Technology

Limestone