MagicBubble Slide show

MagicBubble™

©1999-2000, All Rights ReservedMagicBubble, Inc. Proprietary

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In the year 2001, there will be an alternative In the year 2001, there will be an alternative to a complex, and out-of-control world.to a complex, and out-of-control world.

MagicBubble Video

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fUUSi83lqr4

MagicBubble™IntroductionIntroduction

©2000, All Rights ReservedMagicBubble, Inc. Proprietary

MagicBubble CapabilitiesCapabilities

A >50 Mbps indoor wireless communications capability, supports

ubiquitous multimedia access and control for all kinds of devices

MagicBubble has much greater quality and

performance than these other technologies, at a

fraction of the cost

Today’s wireless technologies suffer from high costs and

low quality and performance compared to wired

technology

MagicBubble expands the benefits of wireless

connectivity to new market areas

Target Market Internet Appliance NetworkingInternet Appliance Networking

High-speed access to the home & small office (the last mile) Nearly 20% of US homes will have broadband Internet by 2003

1970 1997 2020

Chips in Objects

Chips inComputers

6 Billion Chips

“We’re moving to a world where the Internet doesn’t just connect computers, it connects things, it connects people.” - Wind River Systems founder, Jerry Fiddler

High-speed access throughout (the last inch)

Appliances are becoming smarter and smarter

Market Projected to be $3 Billion in 2005

$50

$100

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$200

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$350

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PerformanceLow High

The “Internet of the Future…” Exclusively Provided By MagicBubbleExclusively Provided By MagicBubble

Lower Cost Higher Performance Ubiquitous coverage

(every last inch)

MagicBubble is the only solution that meets all of the requirements of an Internet Appliance Network.

MagicBubble

Proxim

X10

Internet Appliance Network (5-node) Comparison

Bluetooth

Sharewave

coverage

In te rne t Ac c e ssAuto m a tio n

Ente rta inm e nt M o n ito ring

Se c urity

Pho

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Access Point - Modular & Upgradable Information Appliance - Leverages existing Web Pad

reference design & consumer OS. Appliance Modules - Client radio modems. Original Equipment Manufacturer (OEM) alliances

toolkit to support integrated devices

The I2I Product Base ComponentsBase Components

Exciter

24” Printed Circuit Scimitar

Access PointRouter (802 gateway)

BubbleLink Network Layer

Hemispherical Housing

Power Cord / Exciter Ground

Printed Circuit Scimitar / Base

TV Module

adaptor

MB can address a full spectrum of in-building appliances and needs High data access

Home theater Whole-house audio/video Surveillance Browsing Intercom Paging (Voice) High-speed Internet

Low data access Alarm systems (e.g. window sensor) Cooking (e.g. Microwave oven) HVAC Lighting control Locks

Application Possibilities

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MagicBubble™The Technical The Technical

AdvantageAdvantage


2.4

Walls increasepath loss

Reflections cause “Swiss

cheese” coverage

People block path

802.11, Bluetooth, HomeRF, etc., uses small wavelengths (i.e. 2.4GHz)

Today’s Wireless Solutions

Walls don’t increase path loss

No reflections,no “Swiss cheese” coverage

People don’t block path

MagicBubble Coverage

Why? Because Radio PropagatesConventional Wireless RadioConventional Wireless Radio

Like a ripple in a pond the strength of the wave suffers energy loss at a rate proportional to the square of the distance traveled. This assumes an ideal (obstruction free) world

No BlockageNo ScatterNo Multipath

BlockageScatter

Multipath

Within buildings, an ideal world does not exist Wavelength matters!

short waves suffer greater loss require more complex solutions

Bandwidth limitations are pushing indoor wireless technologies to smaller wavelengths (i.e. 900MHz to 2.4GHz to 5.8GHz)

"Any sufficiently advanced technology is indistinguishable from magic.” - Arthur Clarke

Traveling waves

Long Wavelength (MagicBubble)

Shorter Wavelengths(used by Bluetooth, 802.11...)

A patent-pending method which Establishes a non-propagating ubiquitous

electromagnetic field (“cavity”) extending throughout a structure

The cavity is formed by driving an exciter against the ground shields in the electrical service. The excited ground system forms a cage which shields against man made and galactic noise

MagicBubble TechnologyAn Unfair Sustainable Advantage Over the An Unfair Sustainable Advantage Over the

CompetitionCompetition

It is user friendly - easy to install and free of cumbersome wiring

Simple, low-cost all-digital radios

A fraction of the cost than higher frequency radios Experimental work has been

performed confirming it works and complies with Part 15 of the FCC regulations Market potential is huge ...

free standing waves

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0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 200 220 240 260

Distance (feet)

Path

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MagicBubble33 to 38 dB

Free Space

Indoor Average @ 5.85 GHz

Technical Overview Technical Overview (subset)(subset)

click to next pageclick to next page


The Bubble is...The Bubble is...

…the physical layer of an integrated, indoor communications network operating in the FCC Part 15 frequency range of 0.5 to 54 MHz…

…a contained, modulated standing-wave operating at long wavelengths in a physical volume formed by the conductive portions of a residence, building or ship’s structure…

…a straightforward way of connecting all computers, peripherals, sensors, appliances, etc. in a home, warehouse, office building, ship, etc. to a central interface point for integrated communications with all other devices in the network

…without wires and cables

…without outside noise and interference

…regardless of physical location, distribution, configuration or orientation of communicating devices

MagicBubble – Characteristics MagicBubble – Characteristics

100:1 frequency spread exhibits different characteristics at each end– Therefore two different application ranges and…

– …two different modulation / access approaches

Characteristics common to both segments– Indoor network

– Long-wavelength

– High S/N

Small antennas– Efficiency of small antennas in low-frequency ranges drives architecture

development

– Desirable to transmit on higher frequencies where antenna efficiencies are

higher ( fc2 )

The Important PrinciplesThe Important Principles

1. Low operating frequencies

wavelengths >> structure apertures

field energy constrained within structure

2. Electromagnetic near field formed by long-wavelength energy coupled to many closely spaced structure elements

all portions of structure volume filled with field

field requires lower power to maintain than propagating fields

3. Wavelengths on order of dimensions of typical operating volumes

volume has characteristics of waveguide operating below fcutoff

volume has filter characteristics of waveguide cavity

Important Principles – Non-interfering SystemImportant Principles – Non-interfering System

MagicBubble is a non-radiating system that operates only within its excited cavity – it cannot interfere with another system in the traditional sense

– Non-propagating, static electromagnetic field

– Most wavelengths >> dimensions of structure openings

– Only sustainable a very short distance from the outside cavity wall Power levels needed for Bubble communications result in power levels outside

the cavity walls that are lower than FCC requirements

What it can do is suppress communications of other systems that are using the same frequencies

– Bubble channel S/N >> external competing signals

– Operating structure has some characteristics of waveguide cavity filter

Important Principles (continued)Important Principles (continued)

Waveguide-type structures normally have high-pass characteristics

– RF < fcutoff normally cannot propagate through waveguide

– Waves encounter high impedances proportional to the waveguide dimensions

Waveguide (roughly rectangular) operating below cutoff frequency– Minimum low fcutoff occurs when the guide max dimension /2 (TE10

mode possible)– Next higher mode occurs when either...

the max guide dimension (TE20 mode possible) or... the minimum guide dimension /2 (TE01 mode possible).

– Flat-waveguide geometry (< half-height) cavities suppress TE01.

Structure effectively becomes a quasi-resonant cavity with sharp filter characteristics

ArchitectureArchitecture Frequency PlansFrequency Plans Modulation and CodingModulation and Coding Access ProtocolsAccess Protocols

Development Considerations Development Considerations

Requirements High isolation between receive / transmit channels Low power consumption of mobile clients Full duplex operation very desirable

Cost ceiling Minimum number of product configurations are desirable to constrain

development costs Channel-pair frequencies should be programmable to the maximum extent

practical

Separation of receive frequencies into two bands simplifies architecture development

Two modulation / access approaches suffice to complete a reference design suitable for all known (so far) applications

Desirable to allocate device transmit frequencies to high end of band to use higher antenna efficiencies

MagicBubble ArchitectureMagicBubble ArchitectureHardware

Bubble Hub & external interface connections;Bubble-compliant devices

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Coverage

Interior of physical structure typically up to ~ 100 kft2 (~ 10 km2)

Accessibility

Any compliant device inside the Bubble

(multiple Bubble volumes must be connected through standard data interfaces)

Overview - Network StructureOverview - Network Structure

ExternalInterfaces

Access Point(Hub + Exciter)

Bubble Volume

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HVAC ducts

Electrical wiringPlumbing & sprinkler systems

Modulated RF carrier is coupled by Bubble exciter to a convenient element of the building’s structure...

Overview - Network Structure (continued)Overview - Network Structure (continued)

…each piece of which re-couples energy to other nearby elements, setting up a complex near-field electromagnetic standing wave whose relatively long wavelengths cannot

propagate well through the relatively small apertures of the structure.

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Overview - Network Structure (continued)Overview - Network Structure (continued)

Any device in the volume capable of receiving (demodulating and decoding) the signal coupled into the infrastructure by the exciter can communicate with any system connected to the hub.

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Bubble Formation (continued)Bubble Formation (continued)

The Bubble network fills the entire physical volume, everywhere

Antennas of devices in the Bubble can couple (receive / transmit) into the

field

Do not need line of sight to communicate with Bubble transceiver devices

Physical location, distribution and configuration of transceivers do not have to be specially arranged

Path loss, multipath fading, scattering are not factors

Top-Level Frequency PlanTop-Level Frequency Plan

Frequency Plan (not to scale)

Non-restricted bands in FCC unlicensed 0.5 to 54–MHz frequency range

0.505 101 20 30 40 542 5 RF (MHz)

FCC Part 15 Restricted Bands

Application & CharacteristicsApplication & Characteristics

LOWER HIGHER

No. of Devices

Usage / duty cycle

BW / data rate

Power consumption

Cavity leakage

Transmit efficiency

Frequency and Bandwidth

Application & Characteristics (continued)Application & Characteristics (continued)

Longer wavelengths, more near-field characteristics; lower data capacity and access requirements, simpler modulations acceptable / advisable;

Shorter wavelengths; more prone to radiation and leakage; higher data capacity and access requirements; higher bandwidth efficiency required

No. of Devices

Usage / duty cycle

BW / data rate

Power consumption

Cavity leakage

0.5 MHz 54 MHz

Transmit efficiency

5 MHz


No. of Devices

Usage / duty cycle

BW / data rate

Power consumption

Cavity leakage

Transmit efficiency

Longer wavelengths, more near-field characteristics; lower data capacity and access requirements, simpler modulations acceptable / advisable;

Shorter wavelengths; more prone to radiation and leakage; higher data capacity and access requirements; higher bandwidth efficiency required

Rigid channel allocationLow data rates

Hybrid FDMA/TDMAB/QPSK

Contention ChannelsHigher data ratesCDMA / CSMA

QAM / CCK0.5 to 5 MHz 5 to 54 MHz


Conclusion for Frequency Planning

Low-High Frequency Range Sectorization - separate ranges into order-of-magnitude wavelength classes to improve relative performance in each class, limit wideband antenna design requirements and limit number of possible product configurations

Intra-Range FDD (Frequency Division Duplexing) - separate channels into low-range receive, high-range transmit channel pairs to obtain maximum power efficiency of mobile devices

Allocate low-range frequencies to low-data rate, low-duty cycle receiving devices

• Allocate high-range frequencies to high-data rate, high-usage receiving devices

• Duplex mode operations require separate receive / transmit frequency pairs (channels)

• High frequency in each channel pair allocated to transmission, lower frequency to reception

Low data ratesLow duty cycles

Higher data ratesHigh usage

0.5 to 5 MHz

5 to 54 MHz

Low Range Downlink

High Range Uplink


Frequency Planning (continued)

• Allocate low-range frequencies to low-data rate, low-duty cycle receiving devices

• Allocate high-range frequencies to high-data rate, high-usage receiving devices

• Duplex mode operations require separate receive / transmit frequency pairs (channels)

• High frequency in each channel pair allocated to transmission, lower frequency to reception

Low data ratesLow duty cycles

Higher data ratesHigh usage

0.5 to 5 MHz

5 to 54 MHz

Receive Frequency

SummarySummary

Fewer devicesBroadband

High duty cycles

TRADE SPACE

Large numbersLow rates

Low duty cycles

BroadbandPlan

Base Plan

Applications

Frequency Plans

Characteristics

Long wavelengthsTight structures

Short wavelengthsOpen structures

Separate Low / High Sub-ranges4 Mbps / 24 Mbps Capacity

QPSK / OQPSKFDMA / TDMA

Separate Low / High Sub-ranges4 Mbps / 90+ Mbps Capacity

64/256-QAM, CCKDOCSIS MAC

MagicBubble Architecture (continued)MagicBubble Architecture (continued)

data rate

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duty cy

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Access ProtocolDifferent requirements for different applications; desirable to have few protocols as practical to constrain product development costs

Dedicated FDMA andrigidly controlled TDMA

Hybrid FDMA/TDMACDMA; WAP

CDMA;CSMA/CD;

WAP / SWAP

candidateprotocols

narrowband

broadband

Video Video Embedded or add-on module for TV or set-top box that enables Embedded or add-on module for TV or set-top box that enables Bubble hub to distribute CATV MPEG video Bubble hub to distribute CATV MPEG video

Downstream:

• 42 – 850 MHz at access point converted to 5.505 – 27.0 and 32.0 – 54.0 MHz for client*

• Up to six separate channels to six TV sets simultaneously

• DOCSIS or DVB/DAVIC standards

• 64-QAM downstream assumed (i.e., 256-QAM explicitly not assumed)

Upstream capacity to select channels and enable Web-TV applications

• 5 MHz RF bandwidth total• 3 Mbps per TV ( rudimentary TDM required to accommodate all TVs used

simultaneously for interactive Internet use)

* U.S. assumed (6 MHz RFBW per channel) - if 8 MHz required for European market, adjust plan to use .5 - 5.5 and 27 - 32 MHz channels to provide additional spectrum needed (…or offer 5 channels per Bubble, etc.…)

Bubble

RFin

ADCSymbolSync EQ

Carrierremoval

Symbolproc

bit stream output

Processor I/F

Nyquist rateprocessing

N x baud rateprocessing

Baud rateprocessing

• set dynamic range• sample input• select channel• report status• Web-TV

• antenna• direct-sample ADC• DSP• digital cable tuner

Functions Receive

• sensors• processor• modulator• oscillator• antenna

Transmit Common

• package• power• user i/f•

Video - General RequirementsVideo - General Requirements

Primary RequirementsPrimary Requirements

RF– Receive up to six RF channels

6 MHz RF bandwidth each 64-QAM 31.2 Mbps channel raw data rate

– Transmit upstream signal 2-MHz QPSK / 16-QAM (tbd) 3 Mbps

Control– Channel selection

– Upstream comms

– Bi-directional Web-TV

– Diagnostic reporting

Processing– ADC/demodulation– Decoding (RS (204, 188, 6) )

– MAC protocol MPEG frame sync/data extraction Upstream timing (burst time slots) Upstream unique word

– R-S encoding

– DAC/modulation

Power– Less than 1 W average desirable

Important Assumptions– Hub performs all conversions & HPF

– Hub sets dynamic range of downstream signals

Functional Block DiagramFunctional Block Diagram

BPF ADC DEMOD MAC

TV I/F (USB)

BURSTMOD

CPU

Bubble RF DAC

Memory

AC/DCConverter

BPF

64-QAM / 256-QAM 27 – 56 Mbps

I/F

DPLXR

QPSK / 16-QAM ~ 3 Mbps

…host power availability assumed

…wideband, direct conversion software radio…single antenna, three chipsets (RF, processor, DSP modem), tbd interfaces

…processor/memory could be integrated with DSP modem

Antenna

Package / assembly

AC/DC converter ass’y

RF/tuner ass’y /chip

DSP modem

Interface ass’y / chip

Low High

106

Estimate Range

Production Quantity

TOTAL per unit ($, wholesale)

Cost EstimateCost Estimate

0.50 0.75

0.52 0.78

18.00

1.76 2.65

0.58 0.87

16.19 24.29

1.240.83

12.00

Cost Estimate - Mb DOCSIS CATV Embedded

1

10

100

1 10 102

Who

lesa

le C

ost

(dol

lars

)

5

103 104 105 106 107

50

20

2

Qty.