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As presented by Scott Mattoon at Oracle Technology Network Architect Day in Phoenix, AZ on December 14, 2011.
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Making IT Simple
A Pragmatic Approach to Cloud Computing
Scott Mattoon
Principal Architect, Oracle Global Enterprise Architecture Program
© 2011 Oracle Cloud Computing – Why you need Architecture 2
A Pragmatic Approach to Cloud Computing
Abstract
• As organizations adopt cloud computing, they need to
define an approach that matches the combined
advantages of IT standardization, consolidation, and
self-service, with their specific business drivers. This
session outlines Oracle's Cloud Reference
Architecture and outlines fundamental considerations
to implement a cloud strategy. Methods are presented
for aligning critical architectural decisions and key
organizational transformations with cloud strategy, as
well as the important criteria to consider when
selecting cloud service providers and cloud enabling
technologies.
© 2011 Oracle Cloud Computing – Why you need Architecture 3
The following is intended to outline our general product
direction. It is intended for information purposes only, and
may not be incorporated into any contract. It is not a
commitment to deliver any material, code, or functionality,
and should not be relied upon in making purchasing
decisions. The development, release, and timing of any
features or functionality described for Oracle’s products
remains at the sole discretion of Oracle.
© 2011 Oracle Cloud Computing – Why you need Architecture 4
Agenda
What are the key considerations in Cloud
architecture? Consider….
• What is your cloud ‘perspective’?
• What sort of architecture do you need?
• What is the focus of component architectures?
• What are the ‘Deployable Entities’?
• How to think about ‘refactoring’ the
organization?
© 2011 Oracle Cloud Computing – Why you need Architecture 5
Contrasting two approaches This presentation emphasizes ‘integration’
- Virtualization Centric • Has a potential of increasing
complexity over time
vs.
- Integration Centric • Integration & architectural abstraction
offers higher performance and
greater ‘simplicity’
© 2011 Oracle Cloud Computing – Why you need Architecture 6
Before we get started….
What is your cloud ‘perspective’?
© 2011 Oracle Cloud Computing – Why you need Architecture 7
What’s your Cloud ‘Perspective’?
- Three differentiating criteria
- This perspective drives your decisions
Motivation Pure $ savings vs. Business Agility
Project
Control IT Dept. vs. Business
Business
Model IT as Support vs. IT as a Business
Is your cloud project ‘cutting costs’ or ‘driving business’?
© 2011 Oracle Cloud Computing – Why you need Architecture 8
How does ‘perspective’ affect approach? Focus on the areas key to your initiative
Consider the Oracle Cloud Maturity Model
• 8 domains (not all may be relevant to initiative)
• Multiple uses:
1. Framework for insight and discussion
2. Diagnostic for current environment
3. Planning tool / roadmap generator
4. Program longitudinal measurement tool
• Select key capabilities to focus on …
Governance
Business
&
Strategy
Organization
ServicesOperations
Infrastructure
Information
Architecture
IT cost savings
Business agility
© 2011 Oracle Cloud Computing – Why you need Architecture 9
Key Business / IT Transformations Define your key transformations
Systems and application
management is specific to
select systems & apps
Operations developed
and performed by the IT
department
Architecture implemented
up front (early binding)
The cloud ‘control plane’ is
architected as a model centric
service
IT will move to building up-
front operational functions for
a self-service model.
Build infrastructure up-front,
deploy later (late binding)
Cloud Approach Traditional Approach
© 2011 Oracle Cloud Computing – Why you need Architecture 10
What sort of cloud architecture
do you need?
© 2011 Oracle Cloud Computing – Why you need Architecture 11
Why do I need an Architecture? Focus on the key decisions
• “architecture encompasses the set of significant
decisions about the organization of a software system
including the selection of the structural elements and
their interfaces by which the system is composed;
behavior as specified in collaboration among those
elements; composition of these structural and behavioral
elements ……” (Krutchen, Booch, et.al.)
• “in the end, architecture boils down to whatever the
important stuff is.” (Martin Fowler)
• Architecture is key to avoiding Black Swans
© 2011 Oracle Cloud Computing – Why you need Architecture 12
Oracle Cloud Conceptual Architecture Outline and group the basic elements
• Key elements
- Service model
- Management
infrastructrue
- Resources
- Roles –
Consumer,
Broker,
Auditor…
NIST conceptual architecture
© 2011 Oracle Cloud Computing – Why you need Architecture 13
Drill down for critical functional detail e.g., cloud management
© 2011 Oracle Cloud Computing – Why you need Architecture 14
Map to technologies / products Including standards and portability
© 2011 Oracle Cloud Computing – Why you need Architecture 15
Cloud Logical Architecture Consider key relationships, abstractions…
© 2011 Oracle Cloud Computing – Why you need Architecture 16
Key abstractions – Making ‘IT’ Simple Architecture concepts and Portability issues
APIs
developer discovery and
APIs
Code deployment, developer discovery and
application control
Images Images
Application and data deployment
Data
Access and formatting of
Data
Access and formatting of data may differ
Model Model
Architectural models may be external,
embedded, or internal
Services
Services
Run time services may be absent or
significantly different
Separation of roles (e.g., Cloud Provider
Separation of roles (e.g., Cloud Provider
vs Service Developer)
Deployable Entities Deployable Entities (aka VDCs) include Service Templates and Context (e.g.
‘Assemblies’)
Separation of Separation of control plane ‘cloud’ vs ‘pool’
mgmt
Logical ‘pools’
physical resources
Logical ‘pools’ abstraction of
physical resources
© 2011 Oracle Cloud Computing – Why you need Architecture 17
Hybrid Clouds – Which Kind? Different ways to mix public and private
Apps
Test
Apps Development
Apps
Production
Private Cloud Public Cloud
Lifecycle distribution Dev/test cloud - the Common one
HR
CRM
Claims Processing
HR
Private Cloud Public Cloud
Functional distribution Public & private services - a Likely one
Claims Processing’
Claims Processing
Synchronization
Private Cloud Public Cloud
Workload distribution ‘Cloudbursting’ - the Hard one
It is common when ‘Hybrid’ is mentioned to think of …
• Simple Dev/test or
• Complicated ‘Cloud scaling
– also consider a functional distribution hybrid architecture
© 2011 Oracle Cloud Computing – Why you need Architecture 18
XaaS Component Architecture
And the value of Integration
© 2011 Oracle Cloud Computing – Why you need Architecture 19
Component Architecture – DB consolidation Standardization isn’t always the first step
Optimize
Automate
Consolidate
Standardize
Define a standard solution
Reduce the footprint
Reduce the manual tasks
Achieve new efficiency
© 2011 Oracle Cloud Computing – Why you need Architecture 20
Component Arch ex. – Database Cloud Three alternatives to multi-tenancy
Server Deploy in dedicated VMs
Server virtualization
Operating System Share server pool
Real Application Clusters
Database Share database instance
Real Application Clusters
OS OS
ERP ERP DW DW CRM CRM
DB
D
B
OS OS
DB
D
B
DB
OS OS
ERP ERP DW DW CRM CRM
OS OS
DB
Hypervisor Hypervisor
CRM CRM DW DW ERP ERP
OS
DB
D
B
OS D
B
DB
OS
DB
D
B
Hypervisor Hypervisor
Workload Type Server OS Database
Mission or Business Critical p Standardized environment p p
Rapid provisioning (Dev / Test) p p Mixed workload as-is consolidation p
Sche
ma
Sche
ma
Schem
a
Schem
a
Schem
a
Schem
a
Schem
a
Schem
a
Schem
a
Schem
a
© 2011 Oracle Cloud Computing – Why you need Architecture 21
Engineered Systems in the Cloud PaaS services from Integrated HW/SW
Exadata / Exalogic
• Reference configuration
• Known sizing
• Order as ‘part number’
• Unified support
• Simplified deployment
• Run existing apps
• Enterprise scale
• High performance
© 2011 Oracle Cloud Computing – Why you need Architecture 22
Build from Scratch vs. Exadata Commonwealth Bank of Australia
•DB deployment time reduced from 3 months to < 1 week
Build From Scratch with Components
Reference Configurations
Take delivery of Oracle Database Machine
Weeks to Months
Acquisition of
components
Installation and
configuration
Acquisition of
components
Installation and
configuration
Testing and
Validation
Testing and
Validation
Weeks to Months
Oracle Exadata Database Machine
Server Pool pre-configured
Faster deployment
Lower Risk
< 1 Week after Delivery
Testing and Validation
Configuration Pre-implementation
System sizing
© 2011 Oracle Cloud Computing – Why you need Architecture 23
Absracting application architecture
What are Deployable Entities?
© 2011 Oracle Cloud Computing – Why you need Architecture 24
What will you ‘deploy’? It’s more complex than a bunch of images
Deployable Entities Deployable Entities (aka VDCs) include Service Templates and Context (e.g.
‘Assemblies’)
Model Mgmt.
be external (deployment code), embedded (e.g.
Model Mgmt.
Architectural models of cloud applications may
be external (deployment code), embedded (e.g.
OVF) or internal
© 2011 Oracle Cloud Computing – Why you need Architecture 25
Oracle Cloud API ‘Service Catalogue’ Images plus architectural meta-data
• Repository of models
• Models contain
templates and
service contracts
- Payloads like virtual
server images
- Application metadata
such as configurations
and policies
© 2011 Oracle Cloud Computing – Why you need Architecture 26
Model / Service Management Need to do both
• Model management supports
build-time functions in cloud - Exposes resources to developers
- Stores developer’s models for
deployment
- Validates cloud models
• Developer’s main point of
interaction with the cloud
• Model management also
contains the solution catalogue,
facilitating discovery, storage,
use and re-use of cloud
services
• Service management controls
the run-time aspects of the cloud - Capacity management
- Service management
• Operator’s main point of contact
for the cloud
• Provisions / monitors resource tier
• Contains configuration
management repository which is
the current state of all cloud vDCs
© 2011 Oracle Cloud Computing – Why you need Architecture 27
Oracle Virtual Assembly Builder Automating deployment of ‘assemblies’
• Package up complex structure from dev/test and reconstitute in production
• Minimize setup time and risk of hard-to-debug configuration errors
• Easily replicate in production with minor variations
• Each instance has well-contained configuration parameters for flexibility
config1
Dev/Test Environment
Production Environments
config2
Assembly = Appliances (VM Templates + configuration Metadata) + relationships & start order Metadata
© 2011 Oracle Cloud Computing – Why you need Architecture 28
Admin/Archtiecture as a Service
‘Refactoring’ Dev / Ops Roles
© 2011 Oracle Cloud Computing – Why you need Architecture 29
‘Enterprise’ Private Clouds are Different
• Consider the 5 NIST essential characteristics
- On-demand self-service, Resource pooling, Rapid
elasticity, Measured service, Broad network access
• But are ‘private’ clouds different from ‘public’ clouds…
- E.g., On-demand self service
• Public developer cloud – unrestricted resources provisioned in
minutes, but with no controls or corporate governance
• Enterprise private cloud – need provisioning controls, standards
enforcement, prioritization, approvals, etc.
- I.e., Enterprise cloud faster to deploy than traditional IT, but probably
slower that public cloud
• How ‘SELF’ is self-service really? - What roles are involved in managing, deploying and consuming
the Cloud?
Iaa
Paa
Saa
IaaS
PaaS
SaaS I N T R A N E T
© 2011 Oracle Cloud Computing – Why you need Architecture 30
Identify Roles and Interactions Cloud implies changes in IT roles
User
uses service
Cloud Operator
creates resources
Monitor/manages cloud
Cloud Builder
App Owner DevOps
Developer
Monitors & Approves Services
Creates Services Packages & Deploys Services
Models Service
© 2011 Oracle Cloud Computing – Why you need Architecture 31
Cloud Roles / Actors Each role category has possible sub-roles
Category Actor DMTF Roles
Cloud Service
Provider Operator Service Operations Mgr
Builder Service Business Mgr
Service Transition Mgr
Cloud Service
Developer Service Developer
Service Developer Deployer / DevOps
Cloud Service
Consumer Application Owner Consumer Business Mgr
Consumer Service Admin
User Service User
© 2011 Oracle Cloud Computing – Why you need Architecture 32
Build time vs run time perspectives Need to separate development / operations horizons
Process Modeling, Simulation and Documentation
Deployment Engineering
Cloud Monitoring and Metrics
Service Identification & Discovery
End End UsersUsers
Application Application OwnerOwner
Service Service DeveloperDeveloper
Service Service DeployerDeployer
Cloud Cloud OperatorOperator
Cloud Cloud BuilderBuilder
BUILD TIME
RUN TIME
© 2011 Oracle Cloud Computing – Why you need Architecture 33
Set up Cloud Platform
Set up self-service portal
Set up shared
components
Dept App
Build app using shared
components IT
App Developer
Deploy using self service
App Users
1. Set Up Cloud 2. Build App
3. Use App
App Owner
4. Manage App
Manage
Adjust Capacity
Review Charge-back
Use app
Self-Service Interface Shared Components
Application Server
Integration / SOA
BPM Portal Security &
Identity
System Manager
Database
Operating System,Virtualization,Server,Storage
Example of Build vs Run Time Oracle Virtual Assembly Builder roles
Oracle Cloud Platform
BUILD TIME
RUN TIME
© 2011 Oracle Cloud Computing – Why you need Architecture 34
So how do I get there?
Use architecture to keep IT simple
© 2011 Oracle Cloud Computing – Why you need Architecture 35
Focused Implementation Vs. Wide Diffusion Most companies have multiple projects underway or anticipated
• Strategic – Complete migration for a given architecture/application, often focusing on revenue enhancement
• Tactical – Wide deployment of a limited technology (e.g. virtualization), often focusing on cost reduction
© 2011 Oracle Cloud Computing – Why you need Architecture 36
Cloud Computing Roadmap How Will Your Cloud Be Introduced?
• Cloud computing efforts range from small
‘experiment’ projects to major strategic initiatives.
• Most companies have multiple initiatives.
• It doesn’t have to get more complicated
- Before you start (not just after you finish)…. Architecture
- Make things more simple through higher levels of integration and
abstraction
- Consider Oracle VM Templates, OVAB Assemblies, Engineered
Systems, Oracle Public Cloud
Strategy, Architecture, Transformations,
Measurement, Readiness, Roadmap
© 2011 Oracle Cloud Computing – Why you need Architecture 37
Using Public Cloud Computing Oracle Public Cloud
Database Database ServiceService
WebCenter WebCenter ConnectConnect ServiceService
WebLogicWebLogic ServiceService
Fusion Fusion CRMCRM
FusionFusion TalentTalent
Fusion Fusion HCMHCM
FusionFusion ERPERP
Security & Security & Identity Identity ServiceService
Integration Integration ServiceService
Look for:
Pure-opex model
Enterprise grade multi-tenancy
Integrated development environment
Transparent architecture and control
10X+ productivity
Install applications (not just images)
Unambiguous data persistence
Predictable …
performance, elasticity, price
© 2011 Oracle Cloud Computing – Why you need Architecture 38
Using Public Cloud Computing Oracle Public Cloud
Database Database ServiceService
WebCenter WebCenter ConnectConnect ServiceService
WebLogicWebLogic ServiceService
Fusion Fusion CRMCRM
FusionFusion TalentTalent
Fusion Fusion HCMHCM
FusionFusion ERPERP
Security & Security & Identity Identity ServiceService
Integration Integration ServiceService
Look for:
Pure-opex model
Enterprise grade multi-tenancy
Integrated development environment
Transparent architecture and control
10X+ productivity
Install applications (not just images)
Unambiguous data persistence
Predictable …
performance, elasticity, price
© 2011 Oracle Cloud Computing – Why you need Architecture 39
Implementing Private Cloud Computing Oracle Consulting Cloud Services
• Lifecycle services approach to deliver business solutions
• Unparalleled product skills across the entire Oracle portfolio
• Extensive architecture and system knowledge
© 2011 Oracle Cloud Computing – Why you need Architecture 40
For More Information….
oracle.com/cloud
© 2011 Oracle Cloud Computing – Why you need Architecture 41
© 2011 Oracle Cloud Computing – Why you need Architecture 42
© 2009 Oracle 42
© 2011 Oracle Cloud Computing – Why you need Architecture 43
Leading Expertise: Oracle’s own experts providing thought leadership for every
Oracle solution
Broad Coverage: “End-to-end” lifecycle services across the entire Oracle product
footprint
Global Scale: 20,000 Oracle experts in 145 countries, serving
over 20 million users
Flexible Delivery: Onsite, offsite, and offshore, along with innovative
solutions such as Advisory and Architecture Services
Oracle Consulting Transforming Your Business Using Oracle Solutions
Deliver on Oracle’s commitment to ensure you maximize business value
• Lifecycle services approach to deliver business solutions
• Unparalleled product skills across the entire Oracle portfolio
• Extensive architecture and system knowledge
• Deep industry understanding, focus, and alignment
• Close working relationship with global system integrators
• Leading global service delivery model
• Industry leader in certified consultants
WHY ORACLE CONSULTING
© 2011 Oracle Cloud Computing – Why you need Architecture 44
Oracle Public PaaS Architecture and Key Product Mapping
Shared System Infrastructure
Shared Enabling & Management Infrastructure
Virtual Service AssembliesVirtual Service Assemblies
Metadata
Metadata
Metadata
Middle TierMiddle Tier Database TierDatabase Tier
Enterprise Social ServiceEnterprise Social Service Java ServiceJava Service Database ServiceDatabase Service
Oracle Public PaaS
SaaS
Oracle ApplicationsOracle Applications
cloud.oracle.com Self-Service Sign Up, Lifecycle Management ISV and Custom Applications
Virus ScanVirus Scan Secure File Secure File
TransferTransfer HTTP RoutingHTTP Routing White ListWhite List NotificationsNotifications Integration Integration
GatewayGateway Usage & Usage &
BillingBilling Secure BackupSecure Backup
Identity Identity ManagementManagement
DirectoryDirectory
Configuration ManagementConfiguration Management
Application ManagementApplication Management
Quality & Lifecycle Quality & Lifecycle ManagementManagement
System System ProvisioningProvisioning
Tenant Tenant ManagementManagement
DataData LoadLoad
DataData SynchSynch
Real Time Real Time EventsEvents
Access Access ManagementManagement
Oracle Fusion SaaS
Oracle WebLogic Oracle Database Oracle WebCenter
Oracle Enterprise Manager
Oracle Exadata Oracle ExaLogic
Oracle Virtual Assembly Builder
Oracle Data Integration Oracle Identity
Management
Oracle GoldenGate
© 2011 Oracle Cloud Computing – Why you need Architecture 45
Using Public Cloud Computing Oracle Public Cloud
Look for:
Pure-opex model
Enterprise grade multi-tenancy
Integrated development environment
Transparent architecture and control
10X+ productivity
Install applications (not just images)
Unambiguous data persistence
Predictable …
performance, elasticity, price
© 2011 Oracle Cloud Computing – Why you need Architecture 46
Shared System Infrastructure
Shared Enabling & Management Infrastructure
Middle TierMiddle Tier Database TierDatabase Tier
WebCenter Connect ServiceWebCenter Connect Service WebLogic WebLogic ServiceService Database ServiceDatabase Service
Oracle Public PaaS
SaaS Oracle Oracle
ApplicationsApplications ISV and Custom
Applications
Virtual Service Assemblies, Shared Provisioning, Virtual Service Assemblies, Shared Provisioning, IntegrationIntegration, , Security & Identity ServicesSecurity & Identity Services, Operational Tools, Operational Tools
cloud.oracle.com
SelfSelf--service Sign Up, Lifecycle service Sign Up, Lifecycle ManagementManagement