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Mathew - Frith- Peabody Well Being
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decent spaces, greener placesthe impact of green spaces on well-
being
• relationship between lack of greenspace and stress levels, which rise as greenspace diminishes;
• greenspace enhances psychological health and mental well-being;
and therefore;
• all health, social care and criminal justice institutions should be required to ensure access to green space;
• designing for mental well-being should be recognised as good practice for [landscape design], architecture and planning ;
green space and well-beinggreen space and well-being
spaces that people avoid if possible…
but for many, they can’t
• 17% households, 8.2 million people in England
• 1 in 10 people in London
• over 1400 Registered Providers, and over 150 local authority housing landlords
• 1.8 million local authority dwellings, trend for transference to RPs
• radical reforms and austerity in train
the context…the context…
• green space has a proven track record in reducing the impact of deprivation, delivering better health and well-being, and creating a stronger community;
• simple presence of green space is related to a reduced risk of serious problems, like depression and lung disease;
• living close to a green space reduces mortality, which can help reduce the significant gap in life expectancy between rich and poor;
the premise…the premise…
inequalitiesinequalitiesPeople in deprived areas, wherever they live, receive a far worse provision of parks and green spaces than their affluent neighbours.
The most affluent 20% of wards have 5X more public green space (excluding gardens) per person than the most deprived 10% of wards.Wards that have almost no BME residents (<2% of ward population) have 6X as many parks as wards where more than 40% of the population are from BME groups. They have 11X more public green space – significant disparity?
resident focusedresident focused
quality homesquality homes
landscape?landscape?
but all too invisiblebut all too invisible
on the doorstepon the doorstep
• significant legacy of poorly-designed and under-managed spaces
• accumulative disinvestment over many decades
• high fragmentation (‘bitty’ compared to parks)
• significant contrasts in scale/layout
• ambiguous ownership for users
• increasing complexity of tenure
• isolation and ghetto-isation
• development pressure (blight)
psychogeographypsychogeography
fragmentationfragmentation
public? private?public? private?
leaseholder
leaseholder
general needs
general needs general needs
general needs
general needs
short-life
key worker
key worker
market rent
sheltered
market rent
sheltered
short-life
general needs
sheltered
tenure mixtenure mix
territoriesterritories
hidden cornershidden corners
• tensions between private and communal needs
• competition for use (e.g. car-parking)
• competition for resources
• complex resourcing models
• lack of qualitative standards
• spaces viewed as liabilities rather than assets
• low aspirations in terms of design and use
• and
• a lack of recognition of landscapes’ power and potential
psychogeographypsychogeography
room for manoeuvre?room for manoeuvre?
mugger shrubsmugger shrubs
it’s a right messit’s a right mess
landscape landscape improvementsimprovements
get what we pay for?get what we pay for?
the great unknown…the great unknown…• scale of social
housing landscapes at national and regional level unknown
• quantitative and qualitative surveys required to better identify social landlords’ role and responsibilities as greenspace providers
almost blank canvasalmost blank canvas
Peabody and Notting Hill Housing, 2003…
• raise awareness within social landlords of the importance of green spaces
• research practices, the level of skills and status
• provide training and guidance for key staff and trustees
• advocate for policy changes within housing and Government agencies
• secure resources for the future
Neighbourhoods GreenNeighbourhoods Green
• Commit to quality landscapes - at the highest level possible within the organisation
• Know the bigger picture – take a strategic approach to the planning and management of spaces
• Maintain high standards - ensure the long-term care of landscapes is treated as an essential service
• Make neighbourhoods greener – deliver higher quality standards of design
• Involve residents of all ages - to play an active role in deciding what their landscapes look like, how they’re used and looked after
10 principles10 principles
• Enhance skills and confidence - motivate staff and residents through open space training
• Improve character and design of places to change user behaviour and improve personal safety
• Encourage people to be more active to secure individual well-being and community ownership of spaces
• Prepare for climate change - provide increased protection for residents through green infrastructure
• Make the best use of resources - secure and co-ordinate different sources of funding by making most of partnerships
10 principles10 principles
• Photo simulation in a high rise setting: addition of trees and grass increased residents’ preferences (Kuo, Bacaicoa and Sullivan, 1998);
• Residents more likely to be satisfied with neighbourhood environments when containing large connected tree patches with a high degree of complexity in shape and variable sizes (Lee et al., 2008);
• Some preference for more formal settings with well maintained vegetation over woodland setting (Talbot and Kaplan, 1984);
• Increased neighbourhood satisfaction when looking out onto more natural, rather than built up environment (Kaplan, 1983; Talbot and Kaplan, 1991);
resident satisfactionresident satisfaction
• Some preference for more formal settings with well maintained vegetation over woodland setting (Talbot and Kaplan, 1984);
• Increased neighbourhood satisfaction when looking out onto more natural, rather than built up environment (Kaplan, 1983; Talbot and Kaplan, 1991);
resident satisfactionresident satisfaction
Residents with more green space within 1 kilometre of their home had:•better self perceived health with those than less green space•fewer health complaints in previous 14 day•lower self-related propensity for psychiatric morbidity (Maas et al., 2009);
Use of green space in 3 km radius of home decreased the relationship between a stressful life event in the past 3 months and a person’s number of health complaints and perceived mental and general health (den Berg et al., 2010).
healthhealth
• Three times as many residents observed in spaces with trees than those without trees (Coley, et al. 1997);
• Density of trees linked to the strength of social ties within the neighbourhood (Kuo, Sullivan et al., 1998);
social interactionsocial interaction
• view from a window to green space contributes to resident satisfaction;
• green space needs to be visibly managed;
• importance of green space proximity to home or ‘nearby nature’ – 5/10/15 minute walk;
• clear network of footpaths;
• poor quality of outdoor space leads to negative attitudes and behaviours . . .
research conclusionsresearch conclusions
art of the possible?art of the possible?
future resilience?future resilience?
austerity?austerity?
Neighbourhoods GreenNeighbourhoods Green• A Cool Pace to Live; the use of green
infrastructure to aid climate change adaptation;
• Green Flag Award being rolled out over 2013
• food-growing guidance;
• clients guide for social landlords wishing landscape management and landscape design services
• www.neighbourhoodsgreen.org.uk