MANTHAN TOPIC: FUTURE CITIESEnsuring world class civic amenities in urban India

Team details :-

Basu Bhattacharjee

Kumari Geetanjali

Neha Singh

Sandeep Kumar Panda

Swikruti Mishra

SCHOOL OF BIOTECHNOLOGY,

KIIT University , Bhubaneswar , Odisha

Civic amenities are cultural elements of a

community with which residents and

visitors engage; which enhance our quality

of life; which promote life-long learning

and social exchange; which promote

regional economic development.

Future city

Smarter building and

urban planning

Transportation

Sanitation

Environment

Waste Management

Energy

Employ design techniques, materials,

and life cycle planning that reduce

energy requirements and promote

sustainability.

Mobility, growth and

system change,

including land use and

transportation

alternatives.

Avoid materials and planning patterns that

contribute to global warming, while

encouraging techniques that provide natural

cooling and air filtration as part of the project.

Use planning and

investment in waste

management systems to

add value to urban

neighborhoods and

discourage suburban

sprawl into sensitive areas

Promote use of species and

planting techniques that reduce

need for irrigation and support

long-term sustainability.

Equal importance to

building of physical

infrastructure (e.g.

electricity grids) as well as

energy affordability,

reliability and commercial

viability. Delivering energy

services to households and

businesses that are in line

with consumers' ability to

pay. An economically viable,

socially acceptable, and

technically and

institutionally appropriate

sustainable sanitation

system, while protecting the

environment and natural

resources.

HOUSING

• Total urban population (2011 census) – 37.7 crores

• Access to housing (2001 census)

• Establishment of dense slums-major headache in Indian cities

• Non availability of developed land and ineffective and unfavorable land management

• Inadequate Fiscal Incentives

• Un-planned growth of settlements

• Financial and man-power shortage

• Development of SUSTAINABLE ARCHIETECHURE -“The Container Settlement”- use recycled shipping container to build houses, fitted with rainwater harvesting system and biogas plant

• Shifting of slum population to these low cost settlement.

• Need to create more job opportunities in rural areas to stop migration, improving rural infrastructure- developing a symbiotic rural-urban relationship

• Retrofit existing neighborhoods, Infill development, Green infrastructure

• Use of Occupancy sensors to check on number of person per locality

• Provision of community spaces, parks, green alleys

• Special housing provision for single mothers and deserted senior citizen

Household having %age of households

No. of exclusive

rooms

2.3

One room 35.1

Two rooms 29.5

Greater than 2 rooms 33.1

The extent of the overall housing challenge becomes obvious only when we consider that it encompasses not only

the current backlog in housing provision but also the expected urban population explosion over the next 50 years

TRANSPORTATION

• ULTRA-LIGHT Rail :- Solar-electric rail transit system based on solar racing car technology.

Lower energy consumption.

Virtually silent, autonomous, with opportunity charging at stations. With electric propulsion, it will have low maintenance.

Aerodynamic, low profile, unlike a bus or train, but like an oversized sports car.

Priority will be given to local development and fabrication.

MAIN OBJECTIVES OF TRANSPORTATION PLANNING-

• Finding renewable sources of energy suitable to the mobility requirement

• Achieving greater efficiency.

• Energy and vehicle alternatives, including "superefficient" cars,

alternative fuels and emissions reduction policy

• Social cost analysis of alternative fuels

• Promotion of

Inverted traffic

pyramid strategy

• Electromagnetic mass

transit system on

road.

• Promotion of bicycle

and tricycles on road

Inverted traffic pyramid

Sustainable transportation options can serve to attract and accommodate the varied needs and

desires of urban residents, and are often part of a long-term strategy that includes the

integration of various systems, both across geographies and modes of travel.

• POOR AWARENESS: Sanitation has been accorded low priority

• LACK OF AN INTEGRATED CITY-WIDE APPROACH: Sanitation investments are currently planned in a piece-meal manner

• LIMITED TECHNOLOGY CHOICES: Technologies have been focused on limited options

• REACHING THE UN-SERVED AND POOR: Urban poor communities as well other residents of informal settlements have been constrained by lack of tenure, space or economic constraints, in obtaining affordable access to safe sanitation

• LACK OF DEMAND RESPONSIVENESS: Sanitation has been provided by public agencies in a supply-driven manner, with little regard for demands and preferences of households as customers of sanitation services.

SANITATION

• ACHIEVING OPEN DEFECATION FREE CITIES-

a) Promoting access to households with safe sanitation facilities (including proper disposal arrangements);

b) Promoting community-planned and managed toilets

c) Adequate availability and 100 % upkeep and management of Public Sanitation

• TECHNIQUES TO AVOID DRAINAGE FAILURES:-

1.Permiable Pavements :-

a) Reduces the rate and

quantity of storm water runoff

a) Reduces stress on the sewer system

b) Recharges ground water

ALLEY DRAINAGE :- All alleys will be properly graded and pitched to allow water to run to the center of the alley and then flow to the street. This prevents the need for additional sewer infrastructure

• AWARENESS GENERATION AND BEHAVIOUR CHANGE

Generating awareness about sanitation and its linkages with public and environmental

(%age

households

with

toilets)

Assessment of the investment needs of system improvement, for plugging leakages, for ensuring more equitable distribution, and measures

required to be taken for managerial autonomy and performance improvement has to be made.

• LAND AND ECOSYSTEM

DEGRADATION

• ENVIRONMENTAL

HAZARDS:

{Natural hazards

(e.g., floods, hurricanes,

earthquakes, landslides)

Man-made hazards

(e.g., chemical spills, industrial

accidents, chronic exposure)}

• LOSS OF CULTURAL

AND HISTORIC

PROPERTY

• CONGESTED

LIFESTYLE AND

LIVING CONDITIONS

• POLLUTION AT ITS

PEAK

( air, water , noise)

ENVIRONMENTAL SITE ASSESSMENT:-

• conduction of Environmental site assessment to identify the basic site history, and maps existing

resource constraints (floodplains, wetlands, streams, springs, natural area remnants, etc.).

OPEN SPACE PROTECTION:-

• Preserve open space areas containing significant natural and cultural resources.

• Protection of the value of natural areas and historic sites, build public parks and recreational centres.

• Identification and nurturing Green belt zones

GREEN ROADS AND PARKING LOTS:-

• Use of materials and design standards that reduce impervious surfaces and pollutant load.

• Site design strategies include- narrower and shorter streets, smaller rights-of-way, smaller turn-

arounds, open channel drainage design, smaller parking lots based on realistic parking demand

data or shared parking, smaller parking stalls and drive aisles, use of infiltration practices for

smaller drainage areas, and/or the use of permeable pavers for overflow parking areas.

RIPARIAN BUFFERS AND NATURAL HABITAT:-

• Preserve and restore natural habitat and healthy riparian ecosystems. preservation. and restoration of

lands immediately adjacent to aquatic ecosystems. These systems are the most ecologically productive

and offer the best opportunity to achieve the multiple objectives of preserving threatened and

endangered species, reducing pollutant loading from urban runoff, maintaining stable stream banks,

providing a corridor for species

RETROFITTING EXISTING COMMUNITIES:-

• Bio retention facilities,

• Storm water quality control measures,

• Rain barrels, Bioswales, Roof top gardening

ENVIRONMENTIn 2040, global energy demand will be about 30 percent higher compared to 2010 as economic output more than doubles and

prosperity expands across a world whose population will grow to nearly nine billion people

WASTE MANAGEMENT

WASTEWATER MANAGEMENT:-Use planning and investment in wastewater systems to add value to urban neighborhoods and discourage suburban sprawl into sensitive areas.

RECYCLED PAVEMENT-Recycled concrete aggregate and Slag(by-product of steel) can be used in the concrete mix and as a base beneath surface paving, reducing industrial waste. Ground tire rubber can be used in porous asphalt and reclaimed asphalt pavement in nonporous asphalt.

Benefits

• Reduces waste hauled to landfills

• Reduces the need to extract natural resources

• Develops new tech

• Setting of advanced tech WTE(waste to energy)plants:-

• Gasification and plasma arc gasification methods are used to convert organic materials into a synthetic gas (syngas) made up of carbon monoxide and hydrogen. The gas is then burnt to produce electricity and steam.

• WASTE TO FUEL

• BIOFUEL PRODUCTION- . BIOGAS and SYNGAS

• LANDFILL gas also has an up-and-coming role in this field. Most landfill-gas-to-energy projects involve turning otherwise harmful emissions into electricity to power homes. But it is also being increasingly used as a vehicle fuel or as a substitute for mains household gas supply.

Concrete Pavement

produced using slag ,

recycled concrete and/or

ground tire rubber

Using planning and investment in wastewater systems to add value to urban

neighborhoods and discourage suburban sprawl into sensitive areas.

ENERGYEnergy which is replenish able within a human lifetime and causes no long-term damage to the environment

• Continued reliance on fossil fuels, especially from

unconventional sources- greater negative impact and risks

to the environment and places pressure on natural

resources

• Existing energy generation through renewables is not

competitive with current carbon intensive energy sources

• No long-term solution to the storage of highly-radioactive

nuclear waste exists.

• No existing treaty or organization today can regulate

nuclear weapons’ proliferation without severely limiting

or denying developing countries’ access to civil nuclear

power.

Developing effective approaches for scaling-up energy service

delivery, through a combination of field-proven and innovative

business models that are financially and institutionally sustainable.

• COMPRESSED AIR ENERGY STORAGE SYSTEM-Uses off-

peak electricity to compress air and store it in airtight underground

caverns

• UNDER-GROUND THERMAL ENERGY STORAGE-

• SETTING OF FLYING WINFDFARMS-high-altitude, nano-

tube cable tethered, above-ground wind farms

• BIOFUEL BUTANOL PRODUCTION PLANT

• INCREASE SOLAR CELL AND WIND TURBINE

EFFICIENCY

• REPLACEMENT OF ROAD LIGHTS BY

BIOLUMINISCENCE

• Mobilizing and expanding financing options aimed at achieving

market transformation to catalyze public and private finance. This

includes creating enabling policy and regulatory frameworks and

removing barriers to energy efficiency, renewable energy and

sustainable urban transport to better access the market

• Strengthening policy and institutional frameworks consistent with

low-emission, climate-resilient developmentElectricity generation,1970-2025

PROPOSED IDEAS FOR FUTURE CITY • GREEN ROOFS FOR STORM WATER

MANAGEMENT-

a) ENERGY SAVINGS– it can provide insulation from the heat and the cold.

b) EXTEND LIFE OF ROOF– protect roofing membranes from extreme temperature fluctuations and the negative impacts of ultraviolet radiation.

c) ALLEY DRAINAGE – it will allow water to run to the centre of alley and this will prevent from flooding.

d) PERMEABLE PAVEMENT –it reduces the rate and quality of storm water runoff and recharges ground water.

SOUND INSULATION – designed to insulate against outside noises.

FIRE RESISTANCE – It can help stop the spread of fire to and from building rooftops.

SMART GRID SYSTEM- Grid could automatically turn on domestic devices such as washing machines at night when consumption is low and regulate heating, water supply and air conditioning systems.

• SENSOR DRIVEN communities, where bus timetables appear on screens in eco-friendly homes and fridges send tweeted messages to replenish the salad drawer,

• WIND BELTS- it can harness the power of the wind to generate electricity .It employs a taut membrane that, when air passes over it, vibrates between metal coils to generate electricity. It can be used on the facades and roofs of existing buildings as a sculptural element

• Solar panels incorporated into street poles, and vertical wind turbines which form a rhythm in the streetscape.

• Intelligent’ toilets with an automated flushing system

• Hanging rails to avoid crowding or traffic.

• reducing the volume of waste going to landfill sites.

REFLECTING PAVEMENT- Reflects sunlight and less heat is radiated . This therefore reduces the cooling cost and improves air quality.

STREAM DAY LIGHTING-It can restore floodplain and aquatic habitat areas, reduce runoff velocities and be integrated into pedestrian walkway or bike path design.

Urban India understands the importance of dialogue. It

confirms that you and your opinions actually

count. In order to initiate this exchange of views, we intend to

open a Feedback section from the

upcoming issue

• HOUSEHOLD RECYCLING WASTE -A relief for passengers , tickets can be replaced by giving plastic bottles instead of

paying bills

• Installation of solar panels in every house to be made compulsory .

• Usage of public transport should be entertain for far distances instead of personal vehicles.

• DARK SKY COMPLIANT LIGHT FIXTURES– to direct lights downward especially to be introduced in pathways. This

will be energy efficient because adequate light levels can be maintained.

• RAISING AWARENESS OF THE USE OF MORE SUSTAINABLE MATERIAL IN THE CONSTRUCTION

INDUSTRY AND PROMOTING GREENER ENERGY USAGE AMONG THE PUBLIC THROUGH THE

INCLUSION OF THESE PRACTICES IN THE CIVIC AMENITY CENTRE.

THANK YOU

• Urban environment design manual

• Transportation planning for sustainability

• Sustainable redevelopment plan

• www.welldonestuffs.com

• Concepts for future electricity production

• www.unescap.com

• www.undp.org

• www.sustainablecities.org

REFERENCES