Internetworking and Internetworking and Layered ModelsLayered Models

Presenter:Joy Ungriano

Victor Dimalanta

Course Outline :Course Outline :• Internetworking Fundamentals

o Network /Communication Protocolso Types of Computer Network

• Internetworking Devices• Physical Transmission Media• Layered Models• The OSI Model

o Application Layero Presentation Layero Session Layero Transport Layero Network Layero Data Link Layero Physical Layer

InternetworkingInternetworking• An arbitrary collection of networks interconnected

to provide some sort of host-host to packet delivery service.

Internetworking Internetworking FundamentalsFundamentals

• Network/Communication Protocolso a set of rules that governs the communications between computers on

a network.

Internetworking Internetworking ProtocolsProtocols

Set of rules and procedures for exchanging information among computers•Ethernet•Token ring•TCP/IP•WAP

Other Communication Other Communication ProtocolsProtocols

• IEEE 802.11 (802.11b, g – “WiFi”)o Family of standards used with wireless LANs

• Used for public Internet access points• Bluetooth

o Devices contain special chipo Short-range radio waves transmit between Bluetooth

devices• Short distance

• IrDA (Infrared Data Association)o IrDA devices contain IrDA portso Infrared light waveso Line-of-sight transmission

Types of Computer Types of Computer NetworkNetwork

• Networko Collection of Computers and Devices connected via communication

devices and transmission media.

• Local Area Network (LAN)• Metropolitan Area Network (MAN)• Wide Area Network (WAN)• Others

o PAN – Personal Area Networko SAN – Storage Area Network

• Local Area Network - LANo Computers connected in a limited geographical data.Advantage Sharing of expensive resources (laser printers, storage devices etc.) Can store critical data at central placeDis-Advantage Requires memory space Security Problems

• Metropolitan Area Network – MANo Connects LAN in a metropolitan areao Managed by a consortium of users or a single network provider

• Wide Area Network – WANo Connects computers and devices in a large geographical area

Comparison between 3 types of Comparison between 3 types of

computercomputerCRITERIA LAN MAN WAN

COST LOW HIGH HIGHER

NETWORK SIZE

SMALL LARGER LARGEST

SPEED FASTEST SLOWER SLOWEST

TRANSMISSION MEDIA

TYPE

TWISTED-PAIR TWISTED PAIR & FIBER OPTIC

CABLES

FIBER OPTIC, RADIO WAVE &

SATELLITE# OF

COMPUTERSSMALLEST LARGE LARGEST

Internetworking Internetworking DevicesDevices

Internetworking Internetworking DevicesDevices

• NIC• Modem• Repeaters• Hubs• Bridges• Switches• Routers• Gateways

NICNIC Coordinates transmission/receipt of data to/from the

device Card installed in an expansion slot of a PC, printer, PC

slot Works with a particular network technology

Ethernet or token ring

ModemModem• Device that both modulates and demodulates

analog carrier signals (called sine waves) for encoding and decoding digital information for processing.

Example:• Dial-up Modem• ISDN and DSL Modem – send/receive data over a digital

telephone line.• Cable Modem – separate cable to TV

RepeatersRepeaters• A repeater (or regenerator) is an electronic device

that operates on only the physical layer of the OSI model.

• Repeater receives the signal before it becomes to weak or corrupted and regenerate the original pattern.

HubHub• Normally used to create connections between

stations in the physical star topology.• 1 collision domain• 1 broadcast domain

RoutersRouters• Forwards data packets between computer

networks• Routers perform the "traffic directing” –

Transmitting packets to correct destination.• Performs in physical , data link and network

layers of OSI model.

BridgesBridges• Bridges can divide a large network into smaller

segments.• It operates in both physical and data link layer

in OSI.

Type of BridgesType of Bridges• Simple Bridge

o Address table must be entered manually.o Whenever new station is added or removed, the table must be

modified.o Installation and maintenance of simple bridge is time consuming.

• Multiple Bridgeo Can be used to connect more than 2 LANs

• Transparent Bridgeo Transparent of Learning Bridge, build its table of station address on its

own .

SwitchesSwitches• Intelligent Device• Many Collision Domain• 1 Broadcast Domain

GatewaysGateways• Potentially operate in all 7 layers of OSI model.• Protocol converter