Martin Herold

Wageningen University

UNFCCC COP 19, WarsawGLF, 17. Nov. 2013

Monitoring REDD+ landscapes

http://www.gofcgold.wur.nl/redd

A sourcebook of methods and procedures for monitoring and reporting anthropogenic greenhouse gas emissions and removals caused by deforestation,

gains and losses of carbon stocks in forests remaining forests, and forestation

Latest version published for COP-19 in Warsaw

GOFC-GOLD REDD+ Sourcebook

Training material for REDD+ monitoring and reporting

REDD+ background and design

1 UNFCCC context and requirements and introduction to IPCC guidelines M. Herold, E. Romijn, B. Mora

2 Framework for building national forest monitoring systems for REDD+E. Romijn, M. Herold, B. Mora

3 Assessing and analyzing drivers of deforestation and forest degradation E. Romijn, M. Herold

REDD+ measuring

and monitoring

4 Monitoring activity data for forests using remote sensing J. Miettinen, A. Langner, F. Achard, B. Mora

5 Monitoring activity data for forests remaining forests (incl. forest degr.) C. Souza, S. Brown, J. Miettinen, F. Achard

6 Estimating emission factors for forest cover change (def. and degr.) S. Brown & N. Harris

7 Approaches to community/local expert forest monitoring M. Skutsch

8 Estimation of carbon emissions from deforestation and forest degr. N. Harris & S. Brown

9 Estimation of GHG emissions from biomass burning L. Boschetti

10 Estimation of uncertainties G. Grassi, S. Monni, A. Langner, F. Achard, M. Herold

11 Overview and status of evolving technologies B. Mora, E. Romijn

REDD+ assessment

and reporting

12 Data and guidance on developing REDD+ reference levels M. Herold, E. Romijn, S. Brown

13 Guidance on reporting using IPCC Guidelines and Guidance G. Grassi

14 Reporting interim REDD+ performance M. Herold, E. Romijn

REDD+ entering phase 2

Proposals made to Worldbank Carbon fund

Payment based on performance

Country ER-Program Area (all drafts)

1 Costa Rica Whole country 2 DRC Several districts3 Republic of Congo Two departments

4 Mexico Several states

5 Vietnam Several provinces6 Indonesia Two districts 7 Ethiopia One State8 Ghana Two zones9 Chile To be determined10 Nepal Several districts

Proximate drivers of deforestation

http://www.decc.gov.uk/assets/decc/11/tackling-climate-change/international-climate-change/6316-drivers-deforestation-report.pdf

Hosonuma et al 2012, ERL

SBSTA guidance on drivers of DD

Noting the complexity of the problem, different national circumstances and multiple drivers

Countries to address drivers when developing and implementing their national strategies

Participation of relevant stakeholders

Importance of cross-sector coordination

International cooperation can contribute

Encourage parties, organizations and the private sector to reduce the drivers

Noting that livelihoods may dependent drivers; implications for economic costs & domestic resources

Interlinking drivers, interventions and monitoring

Salvini et al. in review, ERL

Based on assessment of 43 REDD+ countries in 98 readiness documents

Links to performance & benefit sharing

Many REDD+ interventions are outside forests and cannot be traced to specific forest areas:

REDD+ monitoring of activities

National forest-related (GHG) impact to be assessed

Sub-national/local REDD+ performance maybe hard to link to carbon-related compensation:

Input-based benefit distribution systems based on stakeholder participation in REDD+ activities?

http://redd.ciga.unam.mx/images/InfoBrief2.pdf

Objectives for REDD+ monitoring

Besides meeting international reporting needs (IPCC GPG) - REDD+ national monitoring objectives:

●Underpin and stimulate strategies and priorities for REDD+ implementation

●Track performance of REDD+ activities and their impacts (carbon & non-carbon)

●Support the generation and sharing of benefits

SBSTA guidance on drivers: multi-sector, stakeholders, livelihoods, ...:

●REDD+ performance in landscape context

Simplicity versus complexity

Landscape objectivesand examples of measures

• Easy to understand

• Apply to any scale

• Apply to any location

• Measurable

• Sustainability can mean improvement over time

Courtesy of P. Holmgren

Global forest cover gains/losses 2000-12

http://earthenginepartners.appspot.com/science-2013-global-forest

Hansen et al., 2013. Science , 342

Definitions & accounting of forest changes

Kurz et al., 2008, PNAS

Conclusions

Landscape thinking inherent to REDD+National REDD+ monitoring goes beyond

forests:●Drivers and interventions●Carbon and non-carbon impacts●Benefit sharing

Monitoring REDD+ landscapes:●Need for simple, measureable indicators

REDD+ moving to phase 2