Industrial Training Presentation

PRESENTED BY:Sharanjit Kaur

STUDENT OF ECE DEPARTMENT

ROLL NO: 2010ECA1010

INTRODUCTION TO COMPANY

MTNL stands for Mahanagar Telephone Nigam Limited .It isstate -owned telecommunication service provider in the metrocities of Mumbai & New-Delhi in India.

“Transparency makes us different” is the motto of the company.MTNL was set up on 1 April 1986 by the Government of India

with the aim of upgrading the quality of telecom services,expanding the telecom network, introducing new services &raising revenue for the telecom development.

Its main goal is to remain market leader in providing world classtelecom & IT related services at affordable prices & be a globalplayer.

It also aims at venturing into other areas in India and abroad onstrengthening to compete with core companies.

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TRAINING PROFILE

While undergoing training at ITTM the following topics were explained and Labs were imparted on them :-

SWITCHINGSIGNALLINGBROADBANDTRANSMISSION

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SWITCHING OVERVIEW

SWITCHING is a process which involves the control consisting of a mechanicalor electrical or electronic device for making or breaking or changing the connections in a circuit.

control

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N

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N

Connectionof inputs to outputs

… …

The switching centers receives the control signals,messages or conversations & forwards to the requiredDestination, after necessary modification (linkamplifications) if necessary. A switching system is acollection of switching elements arranged &controlled in such a way as to setup a communicationpath between any two distant points.

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SIGNALLING OVERVIEW

Signalling system in a data communication network exchanges signallinginformation effectively between subscribers. The signalling systems areessential building blocks in providing the ultimate objective of aworldwide automatic telephone services standardized. Signalling providesthe interface between different national systems. The introduction ofsignalling system was the big step in improving the PSTN.The consultative committe on international telegraphy and telephony(CCITT) based in Geneva, recommended seven formats related tosignalling. The first five formats related to Inband signalling and the lasttwo in the category of common channel signalling. In In-band signalling,voice information and signalling information travel on common paths,where as in common channel signalling, they travel on separate paths.

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COMMON CHANNEL SIGNALLING (CCS)

CHANNEL ASSOCIATED SIGNALLING (CAS)

Special hardware and software is required

No multi-frequency analyzer are required to

send and receive MFC tones.

• Only a few signalling channels are required.

• Very fast signalling

• CCS can be used for other types of information e.g. maintenance.

• Failures have major impact on system.

No special hardware and software is required.

Special multi-frequency analyzer are required

during call setup.

• Line signalling is required.

• Slow signalling

• CAS can only be used for call handling information.

• Failures have limited impact.

DIFFERENCE IN TYPES OF SIGNALLING

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BROADBAND OVERVIEW

An ‘always –on’ data connection that is able to supportInteractive services including internet access. BroadbandTechnology refers to a telecommunication device, lines ortechnology that allow communication over a wide band offrequency .Broadband system allow voice, data & videoto be broadcast over same medium at the same time.

4 KHz 26 KHz 138 KHz 1 . 1 MHz

UPSTREAM DOWNSTREAM

ADSL Bandwidth

Frequency spectrum used in broadband:-

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TRANSMISSION OVERVIEW

Transmission medium is the physical path by which a message travels from sender to receiver.Computer and telecommunication devices used signals to represent data.These signals are transmitted from one device to another in the form of electromagnetic energy.

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“HOW TO IMPROVE QUALITY OF

SERVICE IN 3G”

PROJECT UNDERTAKEN

QOS in cellular network

Quality of service in cellular networks is defined as the capability of the cellularservice providers to provide a satisfactory service which includes voice quality,signal strength , low call blocking and dropping probability , high data rates formultimedia and data applications . For network based services QOS depends onthe following factors:-•Throughput :- The rate at which the packets go through the network. Maximum rate isalways preferred.•Delay :- This is the time which a packet takes to travel from one end to the other.Minimum delay is always preferred.•Packet Loss Rate :-The rate at which a packet is lost. This should also be as minimumas possible.•Packet Error Rate :- This is the errors which are present in a packet due to corruptedbits. This should be as minimum as possible.•Reliability :- The availability of a connection. (Links going up/down).It is for these reasons that providing QOS has been a great challenge in the past and itcontinues to be a hot topic as there is still a lot of scope to provide better servicestandards.

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To provide high quality service.Voice should be given higher priority over data traffic as voice is the most important service.Preference should be given to customers who pay more to get better service without affecting the remaining customers who pay normal amount.

Good transmission qualityService availabilityMinimum delayHandoff supportEfficient usage of spectrum

In 1g and 2g networks providing quality of speech was the major concern but now in 3g network QOS can provide voice as well as data.

NEED OF QOS

CHALLENGES OF QOS

ACHIEVEMENTS OF QOS

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QOS ARCHITECTURE12

The architecture of QOS being explained as follows :-

• End- to- End service &UMTS Bearer service

End - to - End service layer is the topmost layer of the QOS architecture. It makes communication possible from one TE to the other. It is shown that a TE is connected to the UMTS network by means of a Mobile Termination (MT). The End - to - End services used by a TE will be realized by the below layers namely TE/MT local bearer service, a UMTS bearer service and external bearer service. The UMTS operator offers services provided by the UMTS bearer service. Thus UMTS bearer service provides the UMTS QOS.

•The Radio Access Bearer Service and the Core Network Bearer Service

The UMTS Bearer service is comprised of two parts which are the Radio Access Bearer Service and the Core Network Bearer Service. Both these services take care of the Bearer service over the network topology taking into consideration attributes such as mobility and mobile subscriber profiles. The Radio Access Bearer Service makes provision for the transport of signaling and userdate between MT and CN Edge Node with QOS adequate to the negotiated UMTS bearer service or with default QOS for signaling. Radio Bearer Services provides the unequal error protection if that feature has to be supported. The Core Network Bearer Serviceof the UMTS core network connects the UMTS CN Edge Node with the CN Gateway to the external network. This service controls and utilizes the backbone network efficiently in order to provide the contracted UMTS bearer service.

•The Radio Bearer Service and the RAN Access Bearer Service

The Radio Access Bearer Service is realized by a Radio Bearer Service and an RAN Access - Bearer Service. The Radio Bearer Service covers all the aspects of the radio interface transport. To support unequal error protection, RAN and MT has the ability to segment/reassemble the user flows into the different sub flows requested by the Radio Access Bearer Service. The segmentation/reassemble is given by the Service Data Unit (SDU) payload format signaled at Radio Access Bearer establishment.

•The Backbone Network Service

The core Network Bearer Service uses a generic Backbone Network Service. The Backbone Network Service covers the

layer 1/layer 2 functionality and is selected according to the operator's choice in order to fulfill the QOS requirements of

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STEPS TO IMPROVE QUALITY OF SERVICE

1. Check E1 status between Node b & RNC.

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2. CHECK E1/T1 BIT ERROR RATE IF ANY

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3. Check hardware alarms in Node B if any?

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4. Check KPI of affected Node b ’s regarding call drop, CSSR,h/o & congestion parameters in voice as well as data.

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5. Increase AAL2 path of CS & PS which one required.

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6. If congestion due to channel element (CE) is present ,then increase CE.

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7.If congestion in Iub interface is present ,then there are three steps to be followed:-

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A.) Increase AAL2 path of CS & PS

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B.) Increase no. of E1 between Node B & RNC.

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C.) Change the factor table(i.e. manipulating the bandwidth of conversational, streaming, background & interactive class as perneed.

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8. Use a trace of a particular MSISDN number in RNC as well as Node B level.

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9.Check RF parameters (including scrambling codes, power level of Node b , cell coverage area ,antenna LAT/LONG position & polarization etc.

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FIELD TRAINING

ITTM provided us the opportunity of working with the professionals bygiving us hand on experience on sharing work space with them.The Department with which I got the opportunity to work are as under andbrief summary of my work is provided alongside.

A. INDUSTRIAL TRAINING AT OMCR ,Karol Bagh Exchange

B. INDUSTRIAL TRAINING AT RF, Lodhi Road Exchange

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OMC-R (Operation & Maintenance centre Radio)

For management and operation of all centre's and cells remotely MTNL used a software of MOTOROLA Known as OMC-S/T. Name of the software used for the OMCR is SUN SOLARIS. Motorola system and equipment provide security parameters that the operator configures based on their particular working environment.

It deals with following network equipment operation:-

•Getting started

You can know the operation GUI of the OMC-S/T client, how to log in to, log out of, lock, and unlock the client, how to set the broadcasting message, and how to modify the user password

and customize the display style of the client.

•Network Monitoring

On the OMC-S/T client, you can monitor the alarms on the network, real-time NE performances, the RAN network, and operational status of the OMC-S/T. In this way, you can detect

network faults in time and then perform the related operations.

•Topology Management

Topology management offers the function of constructing and managing the topology structure of the whole network to display the networking situation and running status of the equipment.

You can query and monitor the entire network operation in real time through the topology view.

• Security Management

This describes how to guarantee the security of the OMC-S/T. The OMC-S/T security management manages the user and the user's rights. Through the security management, the security of

the OMC- S/T is guaranteed.

•Log Management

Log management involves the management of user logs, NE logs, and system logs. This function enables you to query logs and collect statistics of logs, thus helps monitoring and analyzing

operational status of the system and troubleshooting.

•Performance Management

Through the performance measurement, you can measure and observe the security, running status and signaling connection status of the equipment, also you can measure and observe the

utilization of the user and system resources. This function provides reliable data support for the measurement, designing and operation management of the communication network. OMCS/ T

can measure the performance of multiple NEs. When an NE is successfully set up and communicates normally with OMC-S/T, the NE automatically reports the measurement results of key

performance counters to OMC-S/T for data query and analysis based on a certain period.

•Performance Report Management

The OMC-S/T provides the function of performance report management. You can set the query conditions of system reports and custom reports on the GUI. The OMC-S/T can display the

queried performance report on the report query interface. By analyzing the report data, you can obtain the information about the performance of each NE. You can also manage KPIs, such as

create, modify, and delete KPIs on the KPI management interface

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ALARM NAME HANDLING PROCEDURE

VSWR ALARM

NODE B clock source abnormal

Loss of frame alarm

Loss of signal alarm

Signalling link unavailable

Loose RF connector DSP E1TI (Links 0&1 are

normal ) E1/T1 cables are faulty Physical transmission

link fault Run DSP MTP3BLNK to

check link is in deactivation mode or not.

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OMC-U

The Motorola OMC-U is a centralized mobile network management platform of Motorola. OMC-U provides the functionality of managing the RNC and Node-Bs remotely. OMC-U server is Solaris OS based platform with OMC-U application software loaded on it.. OMC-U client is a desktop PC with OMCU client software loaded on it.

The OMCU is available with a selection of capacity options to meet service providers needs.

Functions of OMC-U

•Centralized Fault Management

•Centralized Performance Management

•Centralized Configuration Management

•Centralized Software Management

•Centralized Topology Management

•Centralized Security Management

•Signaling Tracing

•System Management

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RF OPTIMIZATION

OPTIMIZATION is the activity of achieving and maintaining the required

quality as designed.

Need of OPTIMIZATION is that there are deviations between plan and reality.

Optimization needs to be done because of the following reasons given below:

• Inaccuracy of radio planning

- Statistical variations in the path loss characteristics

- Finite terrain database resolution

• Implementation

- Antenna radiation pattern and effective radiated power

- Antenna pattern distortion

• Environment

- Seasonal environmental changes, e.g. trees leaves,

trees having thick leaves & trees with very thin leaves

- Environmental changes such as new highways, new buildings

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DRIVE TEST THE SIGNAL DEFICIT AREAS

Drive testing is done in the area where there is less or no signal. Also drive test needs to be done in the area where

there are customer complaints. Drive testing is done using the drive test tool. It is known as TEMS Investigation 5.0.

Drive-testing remains an essential part of the network life cycle, as an effective means for continually optimizing

network performance to maintain customer satisfaction and reduce subscriber migration to others.

•Drive Test Data Collection

- CELL ID including BSIC (Base station identification code), LAC (Location area code), and time slot.

- RXLEVEL for the serving and neighbor cells.

- RXQUALITY for the serving cell.

- BCCH, BSIC for the serving and the neighbor cells.

- TIMING ADVANCE.

- TRANSMIT POWER.

- GPS POSITION DATA

- TIME matching.

•Drive Test Route Planning

•Primary route:-

Includes all major roads, highways and wide thorough fares

•Secondary route:-

Includes all streets, subdivisions and compounds when accessible

•Miscellaneous routes (in-building and special locations) :-

Includes golf courses, beach resorts, shopping malls, department stores, convention centers, hotels and resorts and

inside of buildings and houses

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DRIVE TEST TOOLS

Test Mobile phone

Antennas

GPS

Laptop computer

Drive test equipments are as follows:-

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TEMS INVESTIGATION TOOL 5.0 BY ERICSSON

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Steps involved in implementation of drive test are as under :-

1. Starting TEMS investigation

2. Connecting the MS to the PC:- TEMS Investigation now scans the COM ports for external devices andenables these devices automatically. A Port Configuration window is opened, showing the progress of the scan

3.Starting the recording

4.Replaying the log file

5.Connecting external devices and equipments.

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THANKS

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