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Presentation by Ergano, K., A. Duncan, A. Adie, A. Tedla, G. Woldewahid, Z. Ayele, G. Berhanu and N. Alemayehu (ILRI)to the Ethiopian Fodder Roundtable on Effective Delivery of Input Services to Livestock Development, Addis Ababa, 22 June 2010
Citation preview
Multi-stakeholder platforms strengthening the selection and use of fodder options in Ethiopia: Some
lessons
Presentation by Ergano, K., A. Duncan, A. Adie, A. Tedla, G. Woldewahid, Z. Ayele, G. Berhanu and N.
Alemayehu (ILRI)
to the
Ethiopian Fodder Roundtable on Effective Delivery of Input Services to Livestock Development
Addis Ababa, 22 June 2010
Outline
Context Premises Approaches Institutional learning and innovation Critical issues for effective stakeholder
platforms Conclusion Recommendations
Context
Low productivity and subsistence-oriented livestock production are common features in Ethiopia Average Milk yields is the lowest in East Africa
Kenya: 500 litres/cow/yr Sudan: 480 litres/cow/yr Uganda: 350 litres/cow/yr Ethiopia: 270 litres/cow/yr
Feed scarcity is cited as primary constraint to livestock productivity
Feed Scarcity as major constraint to livestock production
Adoption of new technologies by smallholders is generally low
New technologies developed by researchers do not find their way into mainstream practice very easily
Picture of UMB Picture of maize lablabUrea straw treatment UMB
Images from FAO
Cereal/legume intercropping
Premises of FAP
Hypothesis: Fodder scarcity is not just about technologies but also about the collective capacity of a network of individuals and organizations FAP uses an innovation system framework for
engagement of multiple actors along livestock commodity value chain and for promotion of the process of innovation in fodder.
FAP recognizes innovation evolves through continuous interaction among stakeholders, utilization of feedback, analysis and incorporation of lessons learned between different processes.
Focus: generating innovation rather than mere research products or technologies
Approaches
Action research combining technical fodder interventions with establishment of multi-stakeholder platforms
Technical fodder interventions were used as an entry point
Actors directly or indirectly involved in livestock value chain were included in the platform
Setting up stakeholder platforms FAP followed a social learning process
with stakeholders learning from the experience of working together.
Setting up stakeholder platforms involved focused group discussion farmer field days formal and informal meetings and contacts
over the course of the project implementation
Focused Group Discussions
Training and distribution of forage planting materials
Planted forages in the fields
Farmers Field day at Mieso, October 2009
Institutional Learning and Innovation
Stakeholder platform has become a suitable venue to raise and discuss common issues of concern. Ada’a: shortage of crossbred cows, poor access to
artificial insemination and veterinary services and milk marketing.
Mieso and Alamata: introducing dual purpose sorghum and optimal utilization of native fodder trees, stovers and cactus
Institutional Learning…ct’d
Improved awareness of farmers about the management and utilization of forages
104 farmers planted improved forages in 2008
260 farmers planted improved forages in 2009
Out scaling to more PAs underwayOffice of agriculture taking over the role of
stakeholder platform facilitation Nascent dairy cooperative at Godino
supplying 100 liters of milk to market
16
FAP
IPMS Ministry (extension)
NARSFAP
IPMS Ministry (extension)
NARS
Fodder options
identified
Seedsourced
44 farmers plant on
own fields
X-bred cows sourced
Farmers purchase
seed
60 farmers plant on
own fields
Milk transport issues voiced
May 2008
Dec 2009
Dairy co-op formed
FAP
IPMS Ministry (extension)
NARS
Ethiopian Meat & Dairy
Tech Inst.
Eden FieldSeeds
Land o Lakes
FAP
IPMS Ministry (extension)
NARS
Ethiopian Meat & Dairy
Tech Inst.
Eden FieldSeeds
Land o Lakes
Milk transport negotiations
ongoing
FAP
IPMS Ministry (extension)
NARS
Ethiopian Meat & Dairy
Tech Inst.
Eden FieldSeeds
Land o Lakes
Ada’a Dairy Co-op
Crop Growplc
Godino DairyCo-op
FAP
IPMS Ministry (extension)
NARS
Ethiopian Meat & Dairy
Tech Inst.
Eden FieldSeeds
Land o Lakes
Ada’a Dairy Co-op
Crop Growplc
Godino DairyCo-op
Organisational innovation
Technical innovationInnovation processes in Ada’a Ethiopia
Institutional Learning …ctn’d
Farmers producing forage seeds jointly with private seed company (Eden Field seed Enterprise)
Commercial fodder production emerging as a business opportunity
The stakeholder platform is functioning in the three sites
Devolution of stakeholder platform facilitation to local partners underway
Forages, dairy cows,…
Lessons
Participatory selection of technologies that address farmers’ priority problems and demonstrating tangible economic benefits is key
Linking forage technologies with value chain issues in livestock enterprises is critical for successful adoption of forage technologies .
Functioning markets (such as for inputs, credit, and output) and basic development infrastructure (road, electricity, ICT, etc) are key to technology uptake and agricultural transformation
Selecting stakeholders and understanding their needs and positions is important.
Lessons…ctn’d
The process should be well planned with clarity about the aims, expected results, roles, responsibilities and time frame.
Stakeholder platforms should not be simply a ‘talk shop’ and they must support tangible outcomes.
Strong convening agency for stakeholder platforms is a must
Presence of a local facilitator with adequate training to facilitate the process is essential.
Regular formal and informal communication that creates transparency is critical to the process
Lessons…ctn’d
Willingness to adapt to changing circumstances and uncertainty must be recognized.
Trust, mutual respect and patience, especially in the face of frustration and slow progress, are key ingredients.
Monitoring and (self-) evaluation throughout the process by stakeholders will result in improved learning and better outcomes.
Conclusion
There is a promise in the use of stakeholder platforms to foster
innovation in livestock production, particularly where market access is
good and the range of actors is reasonably broad and diverse
Forage development is largely driven by urbanization and markets
rather than by availability of forage technologies.
The success of this emerging paradigm relies much on its acceptance,
premised on a reasonable understanding and a willingness to change.
Large scale institutional and policy change need an evidence base
through piloting the approach in different contexts, documenting and
sharing experiences, building on successes and stimulating policy
dialogue.
Recommendation
Need for enhancing learning throughout the broad innovation
system at all levels of organization (individual, organization and
system wide)
Individual level :
Need for strengthening competencies in systems thinking,
planning, use of information and communications technology,
knowledge management, teamwork, communication,
networking, facilitation, self-motivation, social awareness,
etc.
Recommendation…ctn’d
Organizational level:
Structures and processes need to provide the performance and
incentives systems that encourage inter-disciplinary teamwork,
partnerships with other stakeholders and effective knowledge
management that promotes changes.
System-wide level:
Capacity needs to be developed to allow different stakeholders
— individuals and organizations, from public and private sectors
—to come together on a ‘level playing field.’
Need for public research and development organizations to re-
skill, and the need for the reform of university curricula to
include innovation systems principles