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Copyright © 2015, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. | Wednesday, September 23, 2015 Percona Live -‐ Amsterdam
The Latest and Greatest MySQL 5.7 ReplicaGon Features and More!
Mark Swarbrick Principal Presales Consultant UK&I
1
Copyright © 2015, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. |
Safe Harbor Statement The following is intended to outline our general product direcGon. It is intended for informaGon purposes only, and may not be incorporated into any contract. It is not a commitment to deliver any material, code, or funcGonality, and should not be relied upon in making purchasing decisions. The development, release, and Gming of any features or funcGonality described for Oracle’s products remains at the sole discreGon of Oracle.
Wednesday, September 23, 2015 Percona Live -‐ Amsterdam 2
Copyright © 2015, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. |
Program Agenda
Wednesday, September 23, 2015 Percona Live -‐ Amsterdam
Copyright © 2015, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. |
Program Agenda Background
ReplicaGon Features in MySQL 5.7
News From The Lab!
The Road Ahead!
Conclusion
1
2
3
4
5
Wednesday, September 23, 2015 Percona Live -‐ Amsterdam 4
Copyright © 2015, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. |
Background 1
Wednesday, September 23, 2015 Percona Live -‐ Amsterdam
Copyright © 2015, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. |
Background: ReplicaGon Components
Wednesday, September 23, 2015
Insert...
Insert...
B
binary log
Insert...
relay log
Insert...
A
binary log
Client Sender thread
Receiver thread
Applier Threads
Receiver Meta-‐data Update
Applier Meta-‐data Update
Network
Percona Live -‐ Amsterdam 6
Copyright © 2015, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. |
Background: ReplicaGon Components • Binary Log
– File based logical log that records the changes on the master. – Statement or Row based format (may be intermixed). – Each transacGons is split into groups of events. – Control events: Rotate, Format DescripGon, GGd, ...
Wednesday, September 23, 2015
Layout of a Binary Log File
BEGIN ... E1 E2 COMMIT BEGIN ... E1 E2 COMMIT
Percona Live -‐ Amsterdam 7
Copyright © 2015, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. |
M S
S
S
S
M
write clients read clients read clients
write clients
More reads? More slaves!
Read scale-‐out
Background: What is ReplicaGon Used For?
Wednesday, September 23, 2015 Percona Live -‐ Amsterdam 8
Copyright © 2015, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. |
M M?
write clients write clients
More writes? More
Masters?
M?
M?
What about write scale-‐out?
Wednesday, September 23, 2015 Percona Live -‐ Amsterdam 9
Copyright © 2015, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. |
C
B
A
C
B
A Crash
C
B
A
B is the new master
Uh Oh! Whew!
Redundancy: If master crashes, promote slave to master
Background: What is ReplicaGon Used For?
Wednesday, September 23, 2015 Percona Live -‐ Amsterdam 10
Copyright © 2015, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. |
M
S
write clients
business intelligent client applicaGons reporGng client applicaGons big queries client applicaGons
On-‐line Backup and ReporPng Background: What is ReplicaGon Used For?
Wednesday, September 23, 2015 Percona Live -‐ Amsterdam 11
Copyright © 2015, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. |
C B
B A A C
Image from www.ginkgomaps.com
Background: What is ReplicaPon Used For?
Wednesday, September 23, 2015 Percona Live -‐ Amsterdam 12
Copyright © 2015, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. |
ReplicaGon Features in MySQL 5.7 2
Wednesday, September 23, 2015 Percona Live -‐ Amsterdam
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ReplicaGon Features in MySQL 5.7 Usability / Online
2
Wednesday, September 23, 2015
2.1
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Online ReconfiguraGon of Global TransacGon IdenGfiers
Wednesday, September 23, 2015
Insert...
Insert...
B
binary log
Insert...
relay log
Insert...
A
binary log
Client Sender thread
Receiver thread
Applier Threads
Receiver Meta-‐data Update
Applier Meta-‐data Update
Network
Percona Live -‐ Amsterdam 15
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Online ReconfiguraGon of Global TransacGon IdenGfiers • The procedure is online.
– Both reads and writes are allowed while global transacGon idenGfiers are being turned on or off in the enGre replicaGon cluster.
• No need to synchronize servers, ever. • No need to restart servers. • No need to change replicaGon topology.
– Works in arbitrary topologies.
• Should anything happen in the middle of the procedure, you can always roll back.
Wednesday, September 23, 2015 Percona Live -‐ Amsterdam 16
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Online ReconfiguraGon of ReplicaGon Filters
Wednesday, September 23, 2015
Insert...
Insert...
B
binary log
Insert...
relay log
Insert...
A
binary log
Client Sender thread
Receiver thread
Applier Threads
Receiver Meta-‐data Update
Applier Meta-‐data Update
Network
Percona Live -‐ Amsterdam 17
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Online ReconfiguraGon of ReplicaGon Filters • Change Slave's ReplicaGon Filters dynamically.
– No need to stop and restart the slave server for sejng new replicaGon filtering rules. – All slave filters are supported. – Values can be input in various character sets.
Wednesday, September 23, 2015
mysql> CHANGE REPLICATION FILTER REPLICATE_DO_DB= (db1, db2)
Percona Live -‐ Amsterdam 18
Copyright © 2015, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. |
Online Switch/Fail-‐over to a new Master
Wednesday, September 23, 2015
Insert...
Insert...
B
binary log
Insert...
relay log
Insert...
A
binary log
Client Sender thread
Receiver thread
Applier Threads
Receiver Meta-‐data Update
Applier Meta-‐data Update
Network
Percona Live -‐ Amsterdam 19
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Change master from A to B without stopping the applier threads.
Online Switch/Fail-‐over to a new Master
Wednesday, September 23, 2015
C
B
A
C
B
A Crash
C
B
A
B is the new master
Uh Oh! Whew!
Percona Live -‐ Amsterdam 20
Copyright © 2015, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. |
Change master from A to B without stopping the applier threads.
Online Switch/Fail-‐over to a new Master
Wednesday, September 23, 2015
C
B
A
C
B
A Crash
C
B
A Uh Oh! Whew!
DBA did not need C to stop applying its relay log to change C's master from A to B.
Percona Live -‐ Amsterdam 21
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Online Switch/Fail-‐over to a new Master • Enables more online operaGons during fail-‐over:
• Stopping, changing master and restarGng the receiver thread are all done while the applier thread is running.
• Change applier properGes while the receiver thread is working:
Wednesday, September 23, 2015
mysql> STOP SLAVE IO_THREAD; mysql> CHANGE MASTER TO MASTER_HOST='master2', …; mysql> START SLAVE IO_THREAD;
mysql> STOP SLAVE SQL_THREAD; mysql> CHANGE MASTER TO MASTER_DELAY=3600, …; mysql> START SLAVE SQL_THREAD;
Percona Live -‐ Amsterdam 22
Copyright © 2015, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. |
Improved ReplicaGon Monitoring
Wednesday, September 23, 2015
Insert...
Insert...
B
binary log
Insert...
relay log
Insert...
A
binary log
Client Sender thread
Receiver thread
Applier Threads
Receiver Meta-‐data Update
Applier Meta-‐data Update
Network
Percona Live -‐ Amsterdam 23
DBA
Copyright © 2015, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. |
Improved ReplicaGon Monitoring
• Monitoring through SQL. • Logically unrelated informaGon into different places. • Extensible, can be adapted to new features. • More accurate and consistent idenGfier names. • Master-‐slave, MulG-‐source, Group ReplicaGon support.
Performance Schema ReplicaPon Tables
Wednesday, September 23, 2015 Percona Live -‐ Amsterdam 24
Copyright © 2015, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. |
Improved ReplicaGon Monitoring
Wednesday, September 23, 2015
ConnecPon ConfiguraPon
ConnecPon Status
Applier ConfiguraPon
Applier Status
(Slave) Receiver and Applier Status
Applier / Coordinator Status
Workers Status
Percona Live -‐ Amsterdam 25
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ReplicaGon Features in MySQL 5.7 Usability / Online Performance
2
Wednesday, September 23, 2015
2.1
2.2
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Improved Applier Throughput – Locking-‐based Parallelism
Wednesday, September 23, 2015
S ingle Threaded Apply 8 Threads Applier 24 Threads Applier 48 Threads Applier 96 Threads Applier0%
50%
100%
150%
200%
250%
F as t and S c alable Multi-‐threaded Replic ation Applier
(s tatement-‐bas ed replication, durable s ettings , S S D s torage)
Slav
e ap
ply tim
e (S
ysbe
nch RW
on the mas
ter w
ith 96 thread
s = 10
0%)
10X
Percona Live -‐ Amsterdam 27
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Improved Applier Throughput – Locking-‐based Parallelism • Leverage parallelizaGon informaGon from master execuGon:
– Concurrent transacGons, which have not blocked each other on the master, are marked as non-‐contending in the binary log.
• Meanwhile, at the slave: – Non-‐contending transacGons are scheduled in parallel; – Concurrent transacGons commit independently, thus no waiPng involved.
Wednesday, September 23, 2015 Percona Live -‐ Amsterdam 28
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Improved Applier Throughput – Locking-‐based Parallelism
• T2 is scheduled to execute together with T1.
• T3 is scheduled to execute as soon as T1 finishes.
Wednesday, September 23, 2015
T1
T2
T3
Time
Commit Finishes
Last Lock Acquired
Concurrent ExecuGon History on the Master
ExecuPon
Commit
T1 and T2 execute in parallel on the slave.
T2 and T3 execute in parallel on the slave.
Percona Live -‐ Amsterdam 29
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Improved Applier Throughput – Locking-‐based Parallelism • Supports statement-‐based or row-‐based formats. • Scheduling policy controlled through:
– logical_clock -‐ means schedule based on the locking interval Gmestamps. – database -‐ the scheduling policy from 5.6 (concurrency control done per database).
• Work to improve slave scalability conGnues, does not stop here.
Wednesday, September 23, 2015
mysql> SET slave_parallel_type= [logical_clock|database]
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Improved User Threads-‐Sender Threads SynchronizaGon
Wednesday, September 23, 2015
Insert...
Insert...
B
binary log
Insert...
relay log
Insert...
A
binary log
Client Sender thread
Receiver thread
Applier Threads
Receiver Meta-‐data Update
Applier Meta-‐data Update
Network
Percona Live -‐ Amsterdam 31
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Improved User Threads-‐Sender Threads SynchronizaGon • Concurrent reads by the sender thread with ongoing writes from user threads. – Sender thread does not block user sessions more than necessary. – Higher throughput for both sender threads and user sessions.
Wednesday, September 23, 2015
Sender Thread Reads Binary Log User Thread Writes to Binary Log
Sender Thread Reads Binary Log
User Thread Writes to Binary Log
pre 5.7.2
5.7.2+
Percona Live -‐ Amsterdam 32
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Faster Sender Thread • Ad hoc microbenchmark using mysqlslap
• 1M queries, concurrency=200, commit=1
• N slaves aoached (fake slaves using remote mysqlbinlogs)
• 48 cores HT / 512 GB RAM / HDD
Wednesday, September 23, 2015
0 2000 4000 6000 8000
10000 12000 14000 16000
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
QpS
Number of Connected Sender Threads
Master’s Throughput
MySQL 5.6.16 MySQL 5.7.4
Percona Live -‐ Amsterdam 33
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Faster Semi-‐sync ReplicaGon – ACK Receiver Thread
Wednesday, September 23, 2015
Insert...
Insert...
B
binary log
Insert...
relay log
Insert...
A
binary log
Client
ACK Receiver thread
Receiver thread
Applier Threads
Receiver Meta-‐data Update
Applier Meta-‐data Update
Network
Sender thread
Percona Live -‐ Amsterdam 34
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Faster Semi-‐sync ReplicaGon – ACK Receiver Thread • ConsecuGve transacGons do not block each other while waiGng for ACKs
– TransacGon t1 and t2 are sent immediately to the slave by the sender thread – ACKs are received only by a special thread – TransacGon t2 does not include t1 round trip in its semi-‐sync overall latency
• Thread starts when semi-‐sync is acGvated
• Thread stops when semi-‐sync is deacGvated
Wednesday, September 23, 2015
mysql> SET GLOBAL rpl_semi_master_enabled= ON
mysql> SET GLOBAL rpl_semi_master_enabled= OFF
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Faster Semi-‐sync: Durability over the Network
Wednesday, September 23, 2015 Percona Live -‐ Amsterdam 36
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ReplicaGon Features in MySQL 5.7 Usability / Online Performance Dependability
2
Wednesday, September 23, 2015
2.1
2.2
2.3
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Loss-‐less Semi-‐sync ReplicaGon
Wednesday, September 23, 2015
Insert...
Insert...
B
binary log
Insert...
relay log
Insert...
A
binary log
Client Sender thread
Receiver thread
Applier Threads
Receiver Meta-‐data Update
Applier Meta-‐data Update
Network
Percona Live -‐ Amsterdam 38
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Loss-‐less Semi-‐sync ReplicaGon
Wednesday, September 23, 2015
Master
Slave
T1: INSERT INTO t1 VALUES (1000)
ACK
Time
T2: SELECT * FROM t1; empty set
execute prepare binlog
relay log
commit execute
Percona Live -‐ Amsterdam 39
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Loss-‐less Semi-‐sync ReplicaGon • Master waits for slave's ACK before commijng (as opposed to: master waits for slave's ACK aier commijng). – Therefore, concurrent transacGons do not see changes while this transacGon waits for ack.
• Should a master fail, then any transacGon that it may have externalized is also persisted on a slave.
• User can choose between the original semi-‐sync behavior and the new one.
Wednesday, September 23, 2015
mysql> SET rpl_semi_sync_master_wait_point= [AFTER_SYNC|AFTER_COMMIT]
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Semi-‐sync ReplicaGon – Wait for MulGple ACKs
Wednesday, September 23, 2015
Insert...
Insert...
B
binary log
Insert...
relay log
Insert...
A
binary log
Client Sender thread
Receiver thread
Applier Threads
Receiver Meta-‐data Update
Applier Meta-‐data Update
Network
Percona Live -‐ Amsterdam 41
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Semi-‐sync ReplicaGon – Wait for MulGple ACKs • Master does not commit transacGon unGl it receives N ACKs from N slaves. • Dynamically seoable:
Wednesday, September 23, 2015
mysql> SET GLOBAL rpl_semi_sync_master_wait_for_slave_count= N
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Semi-‐sync ReplicaGon – Wait for MulGple ACKs • Master does not commit transacGon unGl it receives N ACKs from N slaves. • Dynamically seoable:
Wednesday, September 23, 2015
mysql> SET GLOBAL rpl_semi_sync_master_wait_for_slave_count= N
Master
Slave 2
T1: COMMIT
ACK Slave 1
ACK
T1: COMMIT succeeds
mysql> SET GLOBAL rpl_semi_sync_master_wait_for_slave_count= 2
Slave 3 Time
relay log
relay log
relay log
Percona Live -‐ Amsterdam 43
ACK
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ReplicaGon Features in MySQL 5.7 Usability / Online Performance Dependability Flexibility
2
Wednesday, September 23, 2015
2.1
2.2
2.3
2.4
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Storing Global TransacGon IdenGfiers in a Table
Wednesday, September 23, 2015
Insert...
B Insert...
relay log
Insert...
A
binary log
Client Sender thread
Receiver thread
Applier Threads
Receiver Meta-‐data Update
Applier Meta-‐data Update
Network
Percona Live -‐ Amsterdam 45
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Storing Global TransacGon IdenGfiers in a Table
• Slaves can use GTIDs with binary logs disabled. – Slaves that are never candidates to become a master can sGll use GTIDs for auto posiGoning.
Use Cases
Wednesday, September 23, 2015 Percona Live -‐ Amsterdam 46
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Storing Global TransacGon IdenGfiers in a Table
• GTIDs are saved into a mysql system table (range-‐compressed).
• GTIDs are inserted into the table as transacGons commit. • A compression thread runs periodically and compresses the table into ranges. – New global variable controls the period: gGd_executed_compression_period.
Mechanics
Wednesday, September 23, 2015
CREATE TABLE gtid_executed( source_uuid CHAR(36) NOT NULL, interval_start BIGINT NOT NULL, interval_end BIGINT NOT NULL, PRIMARY KEY(source_uuid, interval_start) );
mysql> SET GLOBAL gtid_executed_compression_period= N;(N – number of transactions)
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Storing Global TransacGon IdenGfiers in a Table
• Binary Log Enabled – Store GTID in binary log (transacGonally). – Copy GTID set to table on binary log rotaGon.
• Binary Log Disabled – Store GTID in table (transacGonally). – New transacGons are not assigned a GTID.
• Always store GTIDs transacGonally.
Mechanics
Wednesday, September 23, 2015 Percona Live -‐ Amsterdam 48
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MulG-‐Source ReplicaGon
Wednesday, September 23, 2015
S
M M Slave can have more than one master. M M
The need for gathering data in a central server: • Integrated backup; • Complex queries for analyGcs purposes; • Data HUB for inter-‐cluster replicaGon.
Percona Live -‐ Amsterdam 49
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MulG-‐Source ReplicaGon • Integrated with GTIDs. • Integrated with crash-‐safe tables.
– Progress state is stored in these tables for recoverability purposes. • Virtually no limit on the number of sources (capped to 256, but can be changed if server binary is rebuilt).
• Able to manage each source separately.
Wednesday, September 23, 2015 Percona Live -‐ Amsterdam 50
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ReplicaGon Features in MySQL 5.7 Usability / Online Performance Dependability Flexibility Misc
2
Wednesday, September 23, 2015
2.1
2.2
2.3
2.4
2.4
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“Smaller”, yet interesPng, enhancements! • MulP-‐threaded applier is able to retry failed transacPons. • OpGon to make the MulP-‐threaded applier preserve commit order.
• SSL opGons for mysqlbinlog tool.
• Rewrite DB rules for the mysqlbinlog tool.
• FuncPon to wait for transacPons to be applied, regardless of the replicaGon stream they come from.
• OpGons to track global transacPon idenPfiers in the return packet of the mysql protocol.
• Support for XA transacPons when the binary log is enabled. • Change in the defaults. E.g., binlog_format=ROW and sync_binlog=1.
Wednesday, September 23, 2015 Percona Live -‐ Amsterdam 52
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News From The Lab! 3
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MySQL Group ReplicaGon Plugin
Wednesday, September 23, 2015
M M M M M
ReplicaPon Group
• MulG-‐master update everywhere • AutomaPc group membership
management and failure detecPon.
• No need for server fail-‐over. • AutomaPc reconfiguraPon.
• No single point of failure. • Shared-‐nothing state machine
replicaGon.
• InnoDB compliant. Off-‐the-‐shelf hardware friendly.
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MySQL Group ReplicaGon Plugin • Great technology for deployments where elasGcity is a requirement, such as cloud based infrastructures. – Integrated with the server core through a well defined API. – It is integrated with GTIDs, row based replicaGon. – It is integrated with performance schema tables. – It is elasGc and self-‐healing: adding or removing servers does not need human intervenGon.
Wednesday, September 23, 2015 Percona Live -‐ Amsterdam 55
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MySQL Router • MoGvaGon
– The need for transparent integraGon with Fabric. • No need to upgrade exisGng connectors. • Use Fabric with connectors that do not support it (e.g., PHP, Ruby, Perl, C).
– The need for read-‐write and read-‐only automaGc rouGng. • Do not need to know which server is the master. • Transparent fail-‐over support for a new master.
• End Result – Generic and versaGle framework: MySQL Router.
Wednesday, September 23, 2015 Percona Live -‐ Amsterdam
NEW
M
Router
App
M M
Fabric
56
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MySQL Router • Highlights
– High Performance – Plugin Driven Architecture – Simple to setup, configure and deploy.
• Features – ConnecGon rouGng and simple load balancing. – Seamless fail-‐over based on Fabric HA Groups. – Fail-‐over without Fabric (needs 3rd party tool to handle fail-‐over itself).
– reducing conflicts when deployed together with Group ReplicaGon.
Wednesday, September 23, 2015 Percona Live -‐ Amsterdam
M
Router
App
M M
Fabric
NEW
57
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The Road Ahead! 4
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What is Next? • MySQL Group ReplicaPon
– Rapid releases. – Improve performance, stability and usability.
• MySQL ReplicaGon Usability – Instrument even more replicaGon and extend replicaGon P_S tables – Simpler administraGve commands
• MySQL ReplicaGon Performance – ConGnue to improve mulG-‐threaded (slave) applier – ConGnue to improve semi-‐sync
• MySQL Fabric and MySQL Router inter-‐operability Wednesday, September 23, 2015 Percona Live -‐ Amsterdam 59
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Summary 7
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Summary • ReplicaGon feature set in MySQL 5.7 shows many improvements:
– Semi-‐sync is more flexible and faster. – Less contenGon on the binary log. – Slave is faster and provides an inter-‐transacGon parallelizaGon scheme. – More online reconfiguraGon: Global TransacGon IdenGfiers, filters, configuraGon. – Improved monitoring. – Even more flexible replicaGon with mulG-‐source enabling new deployment scenarios. – Enhancements all over: transacGon retries, sequenGal commits, XA support, new replicaGon funcGons, security.
• Lab releases provide a sneak peek at what is coming -‐ a new replicaGon plugin and exciGng new infrastructure: MySQL Group ReplicaPon and MySQL Router.
Wednesday, September 23, 2015 Percona Live -‐ Amsterdam 61
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Where to go from here? • Packages
– hop://dev.mysql.com – hop://labs.mysql.com
• Reference DocumentaGon – hop://dev.mysql.com/doc/#manual
• Blogs from the Engineers (news, quirks, technical informaGon and much more) – hop://mysqlhighavailability.com
Wednesday, September 23, 2015 Percona Live -‐ Amsterdam 62