2. The two major LP-Gases extracted Propane Butane LP-Gases are
normally found trapped inpockets with either crude oil or with
naturalgas. 3. 30% of the Propane and Butane produced todayis
extracted Crude Oil. The other 70% isprocessed from Natural Gas.
LP-Gases are processed from crude oil byheating the crude oil until
it begins to boil. 4. There are different types or blends that
areused in the LP-Gases industry. The four major blends are:
Commercial propane HD5 propane Commercial butane Butane/propane
blends 5. Propane in its natural state is odorless andcolorless. A
commercial odorant is added so it may bedetected if it leaks into
the environment. Effective odorization serves two primary
purposes,including: Permits the detection of leaks. Reduces gas
losses through early detection and repair ofleaks. 6. LP-Gases
belong to a family of chemicalcompounds known as hydrocarbons.
Hydrogen and carbon atoms only Common hydrocarbons are: Methane
(CH4) Ethane (C2H6) Propane (C3H8) Butane (C4H10) 7. Tasteless
Colorless Usually odorless When mixed with the proper amount of
airthey can burn. Most LP-gases are capable of being either aliquid
or gas. 8. Most LP-Gases can be stored and transported asliquids
under pressure. Under normal outdoor temperatures liquid
lp-gasesexpand rapidly into gas. LP-Gases will expand when heat is
applied. LP-Gases are not toxic, but they present
possibleinhalation hazards. Released in a confined space, propane
can displaceoxygen. 9. 10 10. 11 11. Odorless, colorless, tasteless
A commercial odorant is added so it may bedetected (same as LP
Gas).13 12. Non-toxic 96% is methane and 4% is ethane Listed as
hazardous material due to flammabilitynot toxicity It can displace
oxygen and pose an asphyxiationhazard.14 13. 15 14.
16RegulatorRelief ValveValve 15. 17Meter 16. 18MeterRegulatorValve
17. 19Square - HandleL - HandleT - Handle 18. 20Closed PositionOpen
Position 19. Natural Gas Propane22Too Rich14%4.5%Too LeanToo
Rich9.5%2.1%Too Lean 20. 23Natural Gas - 1163 FPropane - 957
FGasoline - 632 F 21. 24Approx. Rangeof Flammability(% mix with
air)Vapor Density(Air = 1.0)ApproximateIgnitionTemperatureNatural
Gas 4.5 - 14.0 .70 1163FHydrogen 4.0 7.5 .07 1076FPropane 2.2 9.5
1.56 957FButane 1.9 8.5 2.01 912FGasoline 1.4 7.6 3.00 632F 22.
Vapor Density 30% lighter than air Propane is 50% heavier25Will
rise and collectnear the ceilingNatural Gas0.7Air = 1Propane1. 56
23. Approach from upwind if possible Stage at least 400 away One
crew should enter and investigate A combustible gas meter shall be
used to monitor theatmosphere and attempt to locate the source A
reading of 25% LEL shall be a signal to evacuate thestructure 24.
The source of the leak shall be isolated Ventilation of the
structure shall be done withconsideration of the properties of the
gas Switches shall not be operated inside the structure toeliminate
the possibility of an ignition source Gas valves turned off by AFD
personnel shall only beturned on by Central Hudson. 25. Approach
from upwind if possible Stage at least 200 away Gas can migrate
through the ground along piping If large propane tank is suspected,
stage 400 away Vapors may be dispersed using fog streams Attempt to
identify and shut off the source of the leak Check surrounding
structures for accumulated gas Notify Central Hudson 26. 30Material
Color Size PressureBare Steel - - - - - - 2 6 Up to 60
psiWrappedSteelYellow /brown 20Up to 1000psiWroughtIron- - - - - -
2 6 Up to 60 psiPolyethylenePlasticBlack /orange /yellow 6 Up to 60
psiCast Iron - - - - - - 4 20 psiCopper - - - - - - - psi 27.
Polyethylene piping is buried with a 12g wire for easeof locating.
It has nothing to do with grounding or bonding.31POLYETHYLENE PIPE
28. Distribution piping is normally buried between 12 and18 below
ground.32 29. Central Hudson shall be notified Attempt to protect
exposures Do not extinguish fire Attempt to isolate the source of
the gas 30. Attempt to protect exposures and cool the LP tank Do
not extinguish the fire If the source of the LP from the relief
valve, coolingtank may extinguish the fire If the tank can be
safely approached and shut down,do so accompanied by two fog
streams for protection
