NISO/NFAIS Supplemental Journal Article Materials Working Group (2011 CrossRef Workshops)

NISO/NFAIS Supplemental Journal

Article Materials Working Group:

An Update on an Industry Initiative

Alexander (‗Sasha‘) Schwarzman

American Geophysical Union

[email protected]

Co-chair, NISO/NFAIS Working Group on

Journal Article Supplemental Materials

2011 CROSSREF WORKSHOPS

Cambridge, MA

14 November 2011

Deluge: sup. mat. ratio

Cambridge, MA 14 November 2011 CrossRef Workshops 2

Chart courtesy of Ken Beauchamp, American Society for Clinical Investigation

What is in the Pandora‘s box?

• Multimedia

• Chemical structures, crystallographic structures,

3-D images, gene sequences, protein structures

• Computer programs (algorithms, code, libraries,

and executables)

• Tables, Figures, Text (Experimental procedures,

Extended methodology, Survey results,

Derivations, Extended bibliographies, …)

• Datasets (datasets are not the focus of this group)


Supplemental materials: Yes, we can!

Enabling technology makes it possible for:

• authors to present supporting evidence, e.g.

- datasets

- multimedia

• researchers to present in-depth studies that

would not be available in print

• readers to replicate experiments and verify

results


Yes, we can… But should we?

• Do I (reader, reviewer) really need to look

at sup. mat.? [Degree of importance]

• How do I (librarian, indexer) know sup. mat.

exists? How do I find it? [Discoverability]

• How do I cite / link to sup. mat.?

[Identification and Linking]

• Will sup. mat. be available in 20 years?

… 200 years? [Preservation]


Yes, we can… But should we? (cont’d)

• Will sup. mat. be viewable / executable?

[Conversion / Forward migration]

• Then: Is this object original or converted?

• How do I transmit sup. mat. and know that

nothing was lost or corrupted? [Packaging]

• Who owns it? [Intellectual property rights]

• Who has custody? [Curatorial responsibility]

• Who pays for curating? [Business models]


Who cares? You should – if you are an …

• Author / Editor

• Reviewer

• Reader

• Publisher

• Hosting platform / Institutional Repository /

Data center / Individual

• A&I service

• Reference linking and Citation indexing service

• Librarian / Archivist / Historian of scholarship


NISO / NFAIS Working Group


Supplemental content type:

Integral, Additional, Related


Classification

• Supplemental materials

- Integral content (―pseudo-supplemental‖)

For technical, business, or logistical reasons

treated as if it were supplemental – but it isNOT!

- Additional content (―truly supplemental‖)

• Related contentGenerally resides in an official data center or

institutional repository. The publisher has no

responsibility or authority over it and does not host it.

No recommended practices offered.


Recommended business practices

Integral content Additional content

Selecting /

Peer reviewing

At the same level as core

article

May not be reviewed at the

same level

Copyediting At the same level as core

article. Should be noted if not

May not be edited at the same

level. If so, should be noted

Referencing

within article

Cite/link at the same level as

table or fig. No ref. list entry,

for this content is part of

article

Provide in-text citation and

link at the appropriate point in

text, rather than at the end

Citing from

other pubs

Not to be cited separately. Cite

article as a whole

Can be cited separately

References

within sup. mat.

Integrate references into the

ref. list of the core article

Keep references separate

from the core article ref. list



(cont’d)Integral content Additional content

Preserving Preserve at the same level as

the core article

Provide the same metadata

markup

Include in migration plans

Take preservation into

consideration when accepting

If uncertain about preservation,

have author submit to a trusted

repository and link to it

Intellectual

property

rights

Treat rights in the same

manner as the rights for the

core article

Anyone who has access to

online article should also have

access to Integral content

Determination of rights for

Additional content may differ and

should be transparent to users



(cont’d)• Identifying / linking and managing sup. mat.

- Identify sup. mat. usingDOIsto ensure links to and

from core article

- Links should be bidirectional

- Separate DOIs for Integral and Additional content

- If journal content is hosted by a host / aggregator

it should also deliver supplemental materials

- An author‘s website is not an appropriate place

for the sole posting of supplemental materials



(cont’d)• Discovering supplemental materials

- Consistent placement, naming, and navigation

- Indicate presence in the table of contents

- Link to Integral content from within the article

- Link to Additional content ―above the fold‖ on the

first PDF or HTML page of the article

- Aid A&I services by including metadata that

indicate the purpose and format of the

supplemental materials



(cont’d)• Providing context for sup. materials

Include on a landing page or within the content:

- Core article citation and DOI

- Title and/or succinct statement about the content

- For multimedia: player, file extension, and size

- List multiple files

- Browser information, if supplemental content

rendition is browser-dependent

- Sup. mat. DOI or another identifier, if assignedCambridge, MA 14 November 2011 CrossRef Workshops 15

Technical Recommendations

• Metadata schema

- Supplemental material (top-level ―wrapper‖)

- Core article (parent article) metadata

- Type: (Integral | Additional)

- Core article item being supplemented (figure,

table, etc.)

- Descriptive metadata

- Physical metadata

- Object or Object group


Technical Recommendations (cont’d)

• Metadata schema (cont‘d)

- Object or Object group

Core article item being supplemented

Descriptive metadata

Physical metadata

Object or Object group


Object groups

• Logically different objects that share some common

metadata, e.g., a series of graphs or images

• Various representation of the same logical object, e.g.,

A chemical structure represented by:

- a connection table,

- an image of a molecule in a static orientation, and

- an interactive application allowing manipulation by the viewer.

Protein-related information represented by:

- analytical measurements,

- chemical structure, and

- derived structures.


Descriptive metadata

• ID

• version

• label

• contrib_group

• content_descriptor

• title

• language

• alt_title

• accessibility_long_desc

• summary

• subject_descriptor

• physical_form_descriptor

• ref_count

• publication_info

• creation_date

• preservation_level

• copyright

• license

• open_access


Physical metadata

• creation_application

- platform

- software (name, version)

- application_information

• ext_link

• filename

• fixity

- fixity_method

- fixity_value

• format

• format_registry

• mime_subtype

• mime_type

• primary_representation

• relationship

• rendering-application

- platform

- software (name, version)

- application_information

• size

• validity


Packaging

• Journal title / ISSN

• Core articlemetadata

• Persistent link to core article

• Persistent link to supplemental materials

• Manifest (machine-readable)

- Number of top-level object groups / objects

- Number of objects in each object group

- File names and total size of each object group with its objects

- Copyright status of each object group / object

- Description

- Executable information and instructions


Conceptual challenges

• Heterogeneity: an archive (ZIP, TAR, RAR) or

a document (PDF, MS Word) may contain

bothIntegral and Additional content. The two

may need to be separated for different

identification and linking

• Hierarchy and Recurrence: an archive may

contain a tree with many branches and sub-

branches with nested objects and groups


Conceptual challenges (cont‘d)

• Granularity down: what to identify — entire

sup. mat., groups, objects, …? At what level

do you stop?

• Granularity up: link to a specific item within

the core article or to the core article as a

whole?

• Relationships: related but logically different

objects; alternate representations of logically

the same object


Practical challenges

• Is sup. mat. importance ―in the eye of the

beholder?‖ (what‘s Additional to you is

Integral to me) — some beholders are

more equal than others: a decision made

upfront determines downstream processing

• Real costs, hypothetical benefits

• Business models: is sup. mat. a money

maker or a money waster?


What does the future hold?

―… over time the concept of

supplemental material will gradually

give way to a more modern concept of a

hierarchical or layered presentation in

which a reader can define which level of

detail best fits their interests and needs.‖

Marcus, E. (2009), Taming supplemental material, Cell

139(1), p.11, doi:10.1016/j.cell.2009.09.021


SourcesBeebe, L. (2010), Supplemental materials for Journal articles: NISO/NFAIS Joint Working

Group, Information Standards Quarterly 22(3), p.33, doi:10.3789/isqv22n3.2010.07

Carpenter, T. (2009), Journal article supplementary materials: A Pandora‘s box of issues

needing best practices, Against the Grain 21(6), p.84

Marcus, E. (2009), Taming supplemental material, Cell 139(1), p.11,

doi:10.1016/j.cell.2009.09.021

Maunsell, J. (2010), Announcement regarding supplemental material, The Journal of

Neuroscience 30(32): p.10599

NFAIS (2009), Best practices for publishing journal articles, 30 pp.,

http://www.nfais.org/files/file/Best_Practices_Final_Public.pdf

Schwarzman, S. (2010), Supplemental materials survey, Information Standards Quarterly

22(3), p.23, doi:10.3789/isqv22n3.2010.05

http://www.agu.org/dtd/Presentations/sup-mat/10.3789_isqv22n3.2010.05.pdf

NISO/NFAIS Supplemental journal article materials project

http://www.niso.org/workrooms/supplemental

[email protected]


http://dx.doi.org/10.3789/isqv22n3.2010.07











http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cell.2009.09.021






































http://www.niso.org/workrooms/supplemental

Q & A

Technology

NISO/NFAIS Supplemental Journal Article Materials Working Group (2011 CrossRef Workshops)