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• 1.5 billion mobile phone users (ITU)

• Mobile device capabilities are significantly advanced than those in the past

• Key question

• Are we going to face the same level of threat to security of mobile devices as that of in desktop environment?

• Operating System (OS)

o Process Management

o Memory Management

o File Management

o I/O Management

o Networking

• Real Time Operating System (RTOS)

• Characterized by timing constraints

• Mobile Operating System (Mobile OS)

• RTOS running on a mobile device

• Symbian established as a private independent company in June 1998, owned by Ericsson, Nokia, Motorola and Psion.

• Symbian is a software licensing company that develops and supplies the advanced, open, standard operating system – Symbian OS – for data-enabled mobile phones.

• Release v6.1 2001, • Release v6.2 Q1/2002, • Release v7 2003 including Multimedia

Framework (MMF) • Release v8 2004 allowing manufacturers

to build Symbian OS• Release v9 2005 supporting the latest

generation .

• Browsing: full web browser support and WAP stack for mbile browsing

• Messaging: support MMS, EMS, SMS, POP3, IMAP4, SMTP; standard attachments; fax

• Multimedia: shared access to screen, keyboard, fonts and bitmaps; audio recording and playback, and image related functionality , including API for graphics acceleration, streaming and direct screen access

• Communication protocols: including TCP, IP version 4, IP version 6 and WAP, IrDA, Bluetooth, USB

• Mobile telephony: abstract API for cellular standards.

• Data caging allows applications on a Symbian OS device to have private data which is not accessible by other applications.

• It is about file access control. Opposite to traditional “Access Control List”, it is “Fixed Access Control Policy

• Small and mobile, but always available Mobile phones are both small and, by definition, mobile. This creates high user expectations.

• Addressing the mass-marketReliable.Data loss in a personal mobile phone causes a loss of trust between the user and the phone

• Handling occasional connectivityMobility constraints generally make a wireless connection preferable - whether wide area (using wireless telephony) or personal area (such as infrared or Bluetooth). Wireless connectivity is patchy, caused by different protocols

• Open platformAn operating system for the mass-market must be open for third-party development.

• A platform for wireless servicesSymbian OS supports complex requirements of network protocols worldwide and enables a broad, international community.• Providing wireless services

Open standards ensure global network interoperability, allowing mobile phones users to communicate with anyone, anyway, at anytime.

• Developing wireless servicesSoftware developers are able, for the first time, to build applications and services for a global mass market of advanced, open, programmable, mobile phones

• Supports RAM maximum of 2GB.

• Applications share RAM with operating system but has exclusive access to their allocated memory area

• Flash and expansion card memory is used for storage.

• Symbian OS presents a virtual machine model to all running programs

• Windows Mobile 5.0

• RAM is used exclusively for running programs.

• Flash memory is used for storage of programs and data.

• Result: extended battery life but slower performance

• Supports multitasking and multithreading.

• A process can have one or more threads.

• Uses preemptive multitasking.

• The thread with the highest priority being ready to run will be scheduled next.

• All user processes have their own memory address spaces and all threads within the same process share the same memory address space.

• Each Process and threads have their own stack and heaps.

• Semaphore:

• Wait() {count--; if(count<0) the calling thread is put in waiting state;}• Signal() {if(count<0) Mark the first thread waiting for this semaphore ready to

run; count--;}

• Critical Section:

Critical sections are used for synchronizing exclusive access to shared resources within a single process

• It must work on stand alone portable devices.• It must work on different sorts of devices.

• It must be future proof

• It must be open to all to licence on fair and equal terms.

• It must be open to all to develop applications - again with a level playing field for all.

• It must be based on open standards.

• Multitasking

• Open system

• Robust & dependable

• Client-Server Architecture

• Object Oriented Design

• Symbian OS is written in C++, so it is natural fit to develop applications also in C++. This provides the developer with the most flexibility and scope.

• However, this flexibility brings with it complexity

• In some cases it may be more appropriate to develop an application in Java,

which is also well supported Symbian OS devices.

• One of the major design decisions taken in developing Symbian OS was to optimize the system for efficient event handling from the ground up

• Symbian OS multitasking system eliminates this problem by having only a single thread that responds to events as they happen.

• An Active Scheduler implements non-preemptive multitasking within the context of this single thread.

• All Symbian OS devices have Java available on them.

• The higher end devices tend to have Personal Java and the more popular devices have MIDP Java.

• Operators will benefit from having a wide pool of interoperable devices, built on open standards. They will be able to select from a wide range of terminal and infrastructure manufacturers with a rich set of interoperable solutions.

• In terms of value that operators can add, applications and content can all be made more cost effectively supplied - given the common OS shared across phones.

• Developers will benefit from being able to target a greater number of consumers across one platform. Their porting and development costs will dramatically decline as the common OS means that applications will need to be developed once.

• Symbian OS is a robust multi-tasking operating system, designed specifically for real-world wireless environments and the constraints of mobile phones (including limited amount of memory).

• Symbian OS is natively IP-based, with fully integrated communications and messaging.

• It supports all the leading industry standards that will be essential for this generation of data-enabled mobile phones. Symbian OS enables a large community of developers.

• The open platform allows the installation of third party software to further enhance the platform.