23
OTTER 2

Otter 2013-12-02-02

Embed Size (px)

Citation preview

Page 1: Otter 2013-12-02-02

OTTER 2

Page 2: Otter 2013-12-02-02

Four interactions and OTTER

+

+ +-

-

-

+-

Gravitational interaction(weighting)weight_list(pick_and_purge).weight(P(rew($(0),$(0)),$(1)), 99)

Electromagnetic interaction (resolution)-father(x,y) | -mother(x,z) | grandmother(x,z)

Strong interaction (modulation)(a=b) | (c=d).P(a) | Q(n, f(c,g(d))).

Page 3: Otter 2013-12-02-02

Main loop of OTTER

+-

++

++

--

+

+++

-

+ - ++

+

+ -

clash

+-+

clash

+-

pick up pick up

Search stopped because sos empty.

Page 4: Otter 2013-12-02-02

Hyper resolution

+-++

++-

-+-

++

++

--

+

-1 |set(hyper_res).2 |assign(stats_level,1).3 |4 |list(usable).5 | -Sibling(x,y) | Brother(x,y) | Sister(x,y).6 |end_of_list.7 |8 |list(sos).9 | Sibling(pat, ray) | Cousin(pat, ray).10 |end_of_list.

Page 5: Otter 2013-12-02-02

paramodulation

1 |set(para_into).

4 |assign(stats_level,1).

5 |

6 |list(usable).

7 | a1 = b1.

8 | a2 = b2.

9 |end_of_list.

10 |

11 |list(sos).

12 | P(a1,a2).

13 |end_of_list.

Clauses are generated according to line 7 and 8.

Page 6: Otter 2013-12-02-02

Self-reference, contradiction

and excluded middle

Page 7: Otter 2013-12-02-02
Page 8: Otter 2013-12-02-02

Satisfiability problem (SAT)

A BC

AB

C

Problem is satisfiable

Problem is unsatisfiable

A と B は同時には成り立たない。

A と B が導出されればそれは論証不可能な命題!

C であれば、A である場合もあるし、

B である場合もある。

Page 9: Otter 2013-12-02-02

Syntax “-A | B”: proof by contradiction

AB

C

A ⊃  BB → A

There exists Ai where B∪¬ A → Ф

1 [] -Greek(x)|Person(x).2 [] -Person(x)|Mortal(x).3 [] Greek(socrates).4 [] -Mortal(socrates).5 [hyper,3,1] Person(socrates).6 [hyper,5,2] Mortal(socrates).7 [binary,6.1,4.1] $F.

3 |list(usable). 4 | -Greek(x) | Person(x). 5 | -Person(x) | Mortal(x). 6 |end_of_list. 8 |list(sos). 9 | Greek(socrates). 10 |end_of_list. 12 |list(passive). 13 | -Mortal(socrates). 14 |end_of_list.

Page 10: Otter 2013-12-02-02

Verification and satisfiability

恒真 恒偽

充足可能

システム稼動状態の総体

常に真

常に偽

ある値域で偽になるシステム

検証不可能

充足不可能

検証可能

Page 11: Otter 2013-12-02-02

Clause Sets (節集合構成)

SoS (Set of Support)

Demodulators

Usable

Passive

Term rewriting

Resolution

Detect

Page 12: Otter 2013-12-02-02

Syntax “A | B” (exclusive, fermi particle model)

AB

C

a

A  ∩  B  →  empty setB∪ ¬ A  → not Ф

b

c

fermi particle model bose particle model

X

Y

Z

X

Y

Z

a

ab

cca

X(a) | Y(b) either, exclusive

electron, proton

X(a) or Y(b) inclusive

photon

Page 13: Otter 2013-12-02-02

Tower of hanoi

Page 14: Otter 2013-12-02-02

ハノイの塔

21

Page 15: Otter 2013-12-02-02

Tower of hanoi initial state, final state and 2^N-1

円盤数      

1 2^N-1 2^1-1 1

2 2^N-1 2^2-1 3

3 2^N-1 2^3-1 7

4 2^N-1 2^4-1 15

5 2^N-1 2^5-1 31

6 2^N-1 2^6-1 63

7 2^N-1 2^7-1 127

       

64 2^N-1 2^64-1  

最初はすべての円盤が左端の杭に小さいものが上になるように順に積み重ねられている。

初期状態Board_and_Poll([1,2,3,4,5], [5], [5]).最終地点Board_and_Poll([5], [1,2,3,4,5], [5]).

Page 16: Otter 2013-12-02-02
Page 17: Otter 2013-12-02-02
Page 18: Otter 2013-12-02-02
Page 19: Otter 2013-12-02-02
Page 20: Otter 2013-12-02-02
Page 21: Otter 2013-12-02-02
Page 22: Otter 2013-12-02-02
Page 23: Otter 2013-12-02-02