VERBS6 Basic TensesAuxiliariesRegular Verbs vs. Irregular VerbsProgressive TenseTroublesome Verbs

VERB TENSES – 6 BASIC

PRESENTPASTFUTUREPRESENT PERFECTPAST PERFECTFUTURE PERFECT

PRINCIPAL PARTS OF A VERB

EVERY VERB HAS THREE PARTS1ST PRINCIPAL PART =PRESENT 2ND PRINCIPAL PART = PAST3RD PRINCIPAL PART = PAST PARTICIPLE

PRINCIPAL PARTS

VERB = SLEEP PRESENT = SLEEP PAST = SLEPT PAST PARTICIPLE = SLEPT

VERB = BREAK PRESENT = BREAK PAST = BROKE PAST PARTICIPLE = BROKEN

CONJUGATE Definition = To alter a verb

AUXILIARIES (AUXILIARY VERBS)

Forms of "be" "can," "do," "may," "must," "ought," "shall," "will," "has," "have," "had”

REGULAR VERBS VS. IRREGULAR VERBS

Regular verbs – Add an “ed” or “d” to make them past tense

EXAMPLEWalk – Walked

Irregular Verbs – Do not add “d” or “ed” to make them past tense.

EXAMPLERan – RunBurst – Burst Strike – Struck

MORE IRREGULAR VERBS

Some change for every principal part

ARISE – AROSE – ARISENTAKE – TOOK – TAKENTHROW – THREW – THROWNWRITE – WROTE - WRITTEN

PRESENT AND PAST TENSE

Present and Past are the only 2 tenses that do not require an Auxiliary before it.

VERB = walkPresent = walk(s)Past = walked

PRESENT TENSE FORMULA

No Auxiliary Verb + 1st Principal Part

I walk to the store.He walks to the store.

PAST TENSE FORMULA

No Auxiliary Verb + 2nd Principal Part

He walked to the store.

FUTURE TENSE FORMULA

Auxiliary Verb (Will) + 1ST PRINCIPAL PART

I will walk to the store.

PRESENT PERFECT FORMULA

Auxiliary Verb (Has or Have) + 3RD PRINCIPAL PART

She has taught for seven years.

PAST PERFECT FORMULA

Auxiliary Verb (Had) + 2ND PRINCIPAL PART

I had taught for seven years.

FUTURE PERFECT FORMULA

Auxiliary Verb (Will have) + 3RD PRINCIPAL PART

I will have rung the doorbell six times.

PROGRESSIVE FORM

Expresses continuous action

Add “ing” to the first principal part

PROGRESSIVE FORMS TENSES

PRESENT PROGRESSIVE TENSE PAST PROGRESIVE TENSE FUTURE PROGRESIVE TENSE PRESENT PERFECT PROGRESIVE TENSE PAST PERFECT PROGRESIVE TENSE FUTURE PERFECT PROGRESIVE TENSE

PROGRESSIVE FORMS

PRESENT PROGRESSIVE AM WRITING IS WRITING ARE WRITING

PAST PROGRESSIVE WAS WRITING WERE WRITING

FUTURE PROGRESSIVE WILL BE WRITING

PROGRESSIVE FORMS

PRESENT PERFECT PROGRESSIVE HAVE BEEN WRITING HAS BEEN WRITING

PAST PERFECT PROGRESSIVE HAD BEEN

FUTURE PERFECT PROGRESSIVE WILL HAVE BEEN WRITING

TROUBLESOME VERBS Lie, Lay, Lain

to recline or rest ALWAYS INTRANSITIVEPresent – lie, lies, lyingPast – layFuture – will liePresent Perfect –have lain, has lain

Past Perfect – had lainFuture Perfect – will have lain

TROUBLESOME VERBS

Lay, Laid, Laid Put or place something ALWAYS TRANSITIVEPresent – lay, lays, layingPast – laidFuture – will layPresent Perfect – has laid, have laidPast Perfect – had laidFuture Perfect – will have laid