Pattern-based competence management

Lehrstuhl Informatik 5(Informationssysteme)

Prof. Dr. M. JarkeI5-ZP-310810-1

TeLLNet

Pattern-based competencemanagement: On the gap between

intention and reality

Ralf Klamma, Zinayida PetrushynaInformatik 5, RWTH Aachen

October 12, 2010, Modeling and Managing Competencies Session

11th IFIP Working Conference on VIRTUAL ENTERPRISES

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Präsentationsnotizen

Competencies ->



TeLLNet Agenda

Motivation Competencies and Patterns Social Network Analysis Overview Agent and Goal-Oriented Modeling Modeling of Intention and Reality Pattern-based Competence Management Conclusions and Outlook

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Intension = Schema Intention = Motiv



TeLLNet Intentions-Reality Gap

ActivitiesInteractions

Gap identificationGoals Intentions

Teacher wants toorganize an event forstudents with a highnumber of participants

The teacher asksstudents to organize an event

No students which are appropriate to organize an event

How to identify the Intention-Reality Gap? How should a collaborative network (CN) be modeled?Who are the actors in a CN and which dependencies exist between them? How to identify absence / presence of competencies in CN?Which competencies are required to bridge the gap?

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Photos, videos? Activities that ppl perfrom are not always reflect goal and explicify goals. Activities that people perform are not always helpful to reach goals. Are not always enough to reach goals. The gap between reality and intention exists. How to bridge the gap between activities and goals. what can help us - We need to have a clear idea about goals of a person. Following his goal and activities we can define the gap and help to find things that will potentially brigde the gap. As it is presented in the example teacher wants to organize an event and need help from a student. Teacher wants to find a student that have a organizing event competence.



TeLLNet Competence ManagementAuthors Definition of competenceMcClelland (1973)

The knowledge, skills, traits, attitudes, self-concepts, values, or motives directly related to job performance or important life outcomes and shown to differentiatebetween superior and average performers.

Kupperand van Wulfften Palthe (2001)

The capability of people to perform in a function or a profession according to the qualifications they have. These qualifications should be expressed in terms of knowledge, skills and attitude.

Identify the gap:Competence management: Identify competencies Attach competencies to tasks

Bridge the gap:Competence development =Extending and Acquiring Expertise

Detection of knowledge, skills, attitudes, and values of CN members

Definition of a set of competence needed for a particular task

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Explain why patterns are important



TeLLNetPatterns as Input of

Competence Management

Pattern name: descriptionPattern disturbance: conditionPattern description: explains the problemPattern forces: who relevant to the disturbancePattern forces relations: corresponds to a relation between actors

included in the pattern as forcesPattern solution: actions that need to be carried out in the situationPattern rationale: reasoning about the forces and disturbancesPattern relations: make the structure of pattern language clear

Pattern describes the problem that appear over and over again in our environment [Alex78]



TeLLNetPatterns as Input of


Pattern name: descriptionPattern disturbance: conditionPattern description: explains the problemPattern forces: who relevant to the disturbancePattern forces relations: corresponds to a relation between actors

included in the pattern as forcesPattern solution: actions that need to be carried out in the situationPattern rationale: reasoning about the forces and disturbancesPattern relations: make the structure of pattern language clear

[KSD06]

Pattern describes the problem that appear over and over again in our environment [Alex78]

CommunicatorHas interactions with many other CN members

A Communicator „reaches“ others in a few stepsA Communicator, a CN, an Interaction, a Medium, a Person

A Communicator and a Person are parts of a CN,a Communicator Interacts with a Person using a Medium

Contact a Communicator to spread the word

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Explain components of patterns as well as need to differentiate between forces Clear idea about forces and their need



TeLLNetSocial Network Analysis view on

Collaborative Networks

The total distance The closeness is defined as:

How close is the node to the other nodes? How communicative is the node i?

Let Γ be connected, let the length of the shortest path be v(j, k), and vi(j,k) be the shortest path through i.Then the betweenness of node i is

How influential is the node i? How often do the paths from the node j to the node k pass through the node i?

∑ ∈Njjid ),(

∑≡∈Nj

jidic ),(1)(

∑≠

≡kj

ii

kjvkjvb),(),(

i and j are collaborators in a collaborative network Γ=(N,L), , where L is a set of links = interactions between collaboratorsLji ∈),(

, where N is a set of nodes

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Explain what are collaborative networks, nodes are ppl, links are collaborations can be represented as a network Can be analysed by SNA Examples of SNA analysis



TeLLNetMethodology of Collaborative

Network Modeling

Actor

Media Agent

Artefact

Process

Community

[KlPe08]

Flaws of modeling techniques: Static relationshipsWithout the context of the environment Focused on machine operationsPremises and features of i* [Yu09]

Actor Network Theory [Lato87]: Extendable model (everything is an actor) Actors can be aggregated

actor autonomy

intentionality

sociality

rationality

boundaries and identities

strategic reflectivity

Community of Practice [Weng98] Interactions Same goals Domain of knowledge

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Motivation about i*, need of ANT (model ist extandable, clear identification between actors and dependencies between actors)



TeLLNetModeling Collaborative

Network RealityTeacher

Learner

Media

Website of the course

Discussion forum

ISA

ISA

announcements

Post announcements

Interacting with peers

DD

D

D

DD

create,find, reuse D

evaluate D

Goal

Resource

D

Agent

Actor

Goal dependency

Resource dependency

Task dependencyTask

Agent

D

D D

DD

Actor Artefacts:Essays

D

D

Actor autonomy: actors are in the center; actors are autonomous

Intentionality: intentional properties and behaviors – Interacting with peers

Sociality: actors depend on other actors – Media –Learner

Rationality: actor actions are related to goals and motives - Evaluate

Strategic reflectivity: each actor reflects upon its relationships with other actors



TeLLNetModeling Collaborative

Network IntentionTeacher

Learner

Media

Website of the course

Discussion forum

ISA

ISA

announcements

Post announcements

Interacting with peers

Artefacts:Essays

DD

D

D

D

D

create,find, reuseD

D

evaluate

D

D

Goal

Resource

D

Agent

Actor

Role

Goal dependency

Resource dependency

Task dependency

Softgoal dependency

ISA connection (is a)

Task

ISA

Agent

ISA

Communicator

Organize

an event

D

DTo focus on

professional

competences

D

D

D

D D

DD

softgoalD D

Role

Actor

Intentionality: Teacher wants to organize an event for students

Sociality: Teacher depends on Communicator in organizing an event

Rationality: Looking for a student with an organizing event competence

Strategic reflectivity: Give a task related to the event organization



TeLLNetPattern-Based


1. Model a collaborative network– Define actors and their dependencies– Define actors‘ intentions

2. Analyze the network with Social Network Analysis3. Define patterns using SNA measures4. Based on SNA patterns and a CN model:

– Possible to extract the competencies of the members– Identify the competencies that need to be acquired

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Gap between intension and reality - competence management by patterns definitions, i* models. CoP



TeLLNet Conclusions and Outlook

i* Modeling fills the gap between intention and realityof collaborative networks

Patterns serve as input of competence management

Patterns should be based not only on structure ofcollaborative networks but as well take context anddomain of knowledge into consideration

Patterns should be empirically evaluated

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Flaws

Technology

Pattern-based competence management