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PROBLEM SOLVING
Problem solving involves: Analysis Algorithm or pseudo code or flow chart or
combination of them.
PROBLEMS ANALYSIS
Identify problems: Input Output Process
INPUT PROCESS OUTPUT
ALGORITHM
Algorithm Any computing problem can be done by
executing a series of actions in a specific order. A procedure for solving a problem in terms of the
actions to be executed and the order in which these actions are to be executed is called an algorithm.
Is a logical solution that is inline with our daily language or mother tongue language.
ALGORITHM
Start1. Set sum = 0 and average = 02. Read 3 numbers: nom1, nom2, nom33. Add 3 numbers4. Calculate the average, average = (sum)/35. Print 3 numbers(nom1, nom2, nom3) and the average
End
PSEUDO CODE
Pseudo codeIs an artificial and informal language
Usually it is use English languageQuite similar to programming language
The purpose of pseudo code is to make humans who do not understand computer programming can easily understand the flow of the problem solving.
PSEUDO CODE
STARTSET sum = 0, average = 0INPUT nom1, nom2, nom3sum = nom1 + nom2 + nom3average = sum / 3PRINT nom1, nom2, nom3PRINT average
END
FLOW CHART
Flow Chart It is represents by using geometry shapes with
connected line Use a standard symbol
FLOW CHART
TERMINALIndicates the beginning or end of an algorithm
PROCESSIndicates an input computational or data manipulation.
INPUT / OUTPUTIndicates an input or output operation
FLOW CHARTDECISIONIndicates a decision point in the algorithm
CONNECTOR Indicates an entry to or exit from another part of the flowchart
FLOW LINESUsed to connect the flowchart symbols and indicate the logic flow
LOOP Indicates the initial, final and increment values of a loop
CONTROL STRUCTURE
•It’s a technique in producing program logic which is simple and easy to understand•.It show the problem solution whether it’s a jujukan, selection or repetition control structure or the combination of two or three control structure.•Every programmer should analyze the problem to indentify the suitable control structure that must use .
CONTROL STRUCTURE
There are three type of control structure : Sequence Selection Repetition
SEQUENCE CONTROL STRUCTURE
Sequence control structure used when a problem is solved sequentially from start to end. Every instruction is perform once only. It used to solve problems that easy. This solution does not involve any condition and there is no repetition of instructions.
CONTROL STRUCTURE :
in
Process 1
Process 2
Process 3
out
Example 1: Kebajikan FTMK mengenakan yuran sebanyak 1% dari jumlah gaji setiap ahli untuk tabung kebajikannya. Lukiskan cartalir dan tuliskan aturcara untuk mencetak nama dan yuran yang diterima dari seorang ahlinya.
Anaylze : input : name, salary
process : fee = salary * 1%
output : fee
FLOWCHART :
start
end
Input
salary
Print fee
Fee = 1% * salary
# include <iostream.h> // Program to calculate and display club fee main () { // Initialization of variables char name [15]; // staff name float salary =0, fee=0; // salary and fee // Data entry section cout << “please enter staff name"; cin >> name; cout << “please enter salary "; cin >> gaji; // Processing section fee = salary *.01; // Printing Section cout << “Staff name “<<name<<endl; cout << "\n The club fee is RM"<<fee; // end of programme return 0; }
EXAMPLE 2
Assume N number of students have to take MTS1033 course in UPSI and each student is required to buy C++ book with a price of RMX. The publisher will get 10% profit for each book that is sold. Write a program to calculate and print the profit that earned by the publisher.
CONTROL STRUCTURE - SELECTION
Selection control structure is used when the execution of instructions are depend on the result of a decision/selection that the program must make
if ..else StatementFormat :
if <(condition)> statement1;else statement2;
or if <(condition)> no semicolon statement1; else no semicolon statement2;
SELECTION CONTROL STRUCTURE -FLOWCHART
condition
Statement 2
statement 1
y
n
If the value of condition is true, then statement1 will be executed, otherwise statement2 will be executed
SELECTION CONTROL STRUCTURE -FLOWCHART
syarat
Kenyataan 1
y
t
Selection without else statement
if <(condition)> or if <(condition)> statement1 { statement1 statement2 : }
CONTROL STRUCTURE -SELECTION
Cost of printing price for coloured poster is RM2000 for the first 500 pieces and RM1000 for black and white poster. For each piece above then 500, the cost is RM2 for coloured and RM1.50for the black an white. Write a pseudo code and a programme to calculate payment that need to be paid by a customer.