Processing UnitThe CPU, MOTHERBOARD of Computer

It executes the program, performs the computations and controls the flow of the

instructions. 

Central Processing Unit (CPU)

CPU ERRORSCPU errors result from a malfunction of a hardware element, such as a timing facility, instruction-processing hardware, or microcode. When a CPU error occurs, the recovery processing has, in general, two stages depending on the severity and type of error:When possible, the hardware retries the failing operation a certain number of times. If the retry works, the hardware may issue a recovery machine check interruption, which is repressible, so that the operating system can record the error in the logrec data set. After recording, the operating system returns control to the interrupted task.If the error is too severe for hardware retry or the retries fail, the hardware issues either a hard or ending machine check interruption. The system determines the severity of the error and takes the appropriate action, which may range from ending the interrupted task to ending the entire system.

"Memory" is the shorthand term commonly used to refer to the high-speed microchip-based storage of a computing device.  Memory can be distinguished from the much larger volume, but much slower speed, storage provided by magnetic hard disks and floppies, or from optical storage like CDs and DVDs.

MEMORY

To store files and important data on your computer. Larger hard drives (250 gb) are used to store all the files on your computer in case it crashes or if its infected by a virus. Smaller ones are used to store and transfer files between different computers

HARD DISK DRIVE

Short for Compact Disc-Read Only Memory, CD-ROM drives or optical drives are CD players inside computers that can have speeds in the range from 1x and beyond, and have the capability of playing audio CDs and computer data CDs. Below is a picture of the front and back of a standard CD-ROM drive.To access optically stored digital information stored on a compact disk.

CD-ROM

As the name suggests, a motherboard is the mother to all the other parts. In other words, everything in a computer connects to the motherboard. A motherboard (mobo) is the primary circuit board in a computer.

MOTHERBOARD

Parts of the MOTHERBOARD

* Northbridge / Southbridge* 20-pin ATX Power Connector* CPU Fan & Heatsink Points* AGP * Power Supply* Connectors * PCI* DRAM Memory Slot* IDE Connector

Northbridge can consist of more than one discrete chips while the Southbridge is typically only one discrete chip that rests on the Northbridge .

NORTHBRIDGE CHIPSET

Southbridge is the chip that controls all of the computers I/O functions, such as USB, audio, serial, the system BIOS, the ISA bus, the interrupt controller and the IDE channels. In other words, all of the functions of a processor except memory, PCI and AGP.

SOUTHBRIDGE CHIPSET

A Connector From AC power supply to Power up The Motherboard.

20-PIN ATX POWER CONNECTOR

It is to make sure your computer doesn’t get too hot or too cold.

CPU FAN AND HEATSINK MOUNTING POINTS

Short for Accelerated Graphics Port, AGP is an advanced port designed for Video cards and 3D accelerators. Designed by Intel and introduced in August of 1997, AGP introduces a dedicated point-to-point channel that allows the graphics controller direct access the system memory.

AGP

A power supply unit (PSU) converts mains AC to low-voltage regulated DC power for the internal components of a computer. Modern personal computers universally use a switched-mode power supply. Some power supplies have a manual selector for input voltage, while others automatically adapt to the supply voltage.

POWER SUPPLY

 The Description of the end of the cable that connects to the computer. Centronics, DB, and DIN are good examples of types of connectors.

CONNECTORS

AT power connector (Used on older AT style mainboards)

Color Pin Signal

P8.1 Power Good

P8.2 +5 V

P8.3 +12 V

P8.4 −12 V

P8.5 Ground

P8.6 Ground

P9.1 Ground

P9.2 Ground

P9.3 −5 V

P9.4 +5 V

P9.5 +5 V

P9.6 +5 V

PCI stands for "Peripheral Component Interconnect". It is a hardware bus designed by Intel and used in both PCs and Macs. The PCI bus is used to connect I/O devices. Add-on cards such as SCSI, USB controllers, some graphics cards use PCI, but most new graphics cards connect to the AGP slot.

PCI (PERIPHERAL COMPONENT INTERCONNECT)

•32 bit PCI with 5V signal voltage This is the typical PCI slot found on usual desktop computer main boards. Clock speed for data transmissions is 33Mhz. Therefore the maximum transmission capacity calculates to 1 gigabit/s.•64 bit PCI with 5V signal voltage This PCI slot is usually found on dual processor desktop and server main boards. Clock speed for data transmissions is 33Mhz. Therefore the maximum transmission capacity calculates to 2.1 gigabit/s.•64 bit PCI with 3.3V signal voltage This PCI slot is found on modern server main bords. Often you find the term PCI-X in the technical specification. Clock speed for data transmissions varies from 66 Mhz to 533 Mhz. Therefore the maximum transmission capacity calculates to 4.3 gigabyte/s using 533 Mhz clock speed. The slots maximum clock speed will be shown a number after PCI-X. An example PCI-X 133.

To connect RAM and get faster of the performance of computer. 

DRAM MEMORY SLOT

Short for Integrated Drive Electronics or IBM Disc Electronics, IDEis more commonly known as ATA or Parallel ATA (PATA) and is a standard interface for IBM compatible hard drives.

IDE CONNECTOR

•Jesriel S. Sadon •Arlyn Mia C. Preglo• Jay Marie F. Caliso •Flore May G. Dura• Maricel M. Pilapil•Ana Christina A. Amasol•Arah Delos Reyes•Teresita T. Colongan•Marife T. Gocotano•Eric Inalin•Mary Grace D. Montejo•Crisban F. Literatus

Group 1“Unity is a key to success.”

God Bless Us All