Primary and Primary and Secondary DataSecondary Data

INTRODUCTION

SUBMITTED BY –ABDUL SALIM

ID NO ABM-12192

Objectives of this lesson: Primary and Secondary Data

DEFINITION AND TYPES OF DATADESCRIBE PRIMARY DATA,METHODE

OF COLLECTION,MERIT AND DEMERIT.DESCRIBE SECONDARY

DATA,SOURCE,MERIT AND DEMERIT CONCLUSIONREFRENCEQUESTION AND ANSWER

DATA- Data is information in raw or unorganized form(such as alphabet, number or symbols) that refers to or represent ,ideas, object. data is limitless and present everywhere in the universe.

TYPES:- PRIMARY DATA - collected by the researcher

himself

SECONDARY DATA - collected by others to be "re-used" by the researcher

TYPES OF DATA

Data that has been collected from first-hand-experience is known as primary data. Primary data has not been published yet and is more reliable, authentic and objective. Primary data has not been changed or altered by human beings, therefore its validity is greater than secondary data

PRIMARY DATA

A.  Observation method

B.  Indirect Oral Interviews

C. Questionnaire method

D.  Schedule Method

E. From Local Agents

F. Survey Method

A.

B.

C.

METHOD OF COLLECTION OF PRIMARY DATA

A. DIRECT PERSONAL OBSEVATION

STRUCTUREDUNSTRUCTUREDPARTICIPATIVENON -PARTICIPATIVE

Standardized interviews

a. Structured

b. UnstructuredNon-standardized interviews

a. One to one

1.Face to face,

2.telephonic,

3.internet mediated interviews

b. One to many(focus group)

INDIRECT ORAL INTERVIEW

Questionnaire- A questionnaire is a research instrument consisting of a series of question and other prompts for the purpose of gathering information from respondent.

Self administered questionnaireInterviewer -administered questionnaireTelephone questionnaireDelivery and questionnairePostal or mail questionnaire

Questionnaire method

SURVEY- A detailed study of geographical area to gather data attitudes, impressions, opinions, satisfaction level etc., by polling a section of the population

TYPE 1.CENSUS SURVEY

2.CONTINOUS OR REGULAR

SURVEY

3.AD-HOC SURVEY

SURVEY

Degree of accuracy is quite high.It does not require extra caution.It depicts the data in great detail.Primary source of data collection frequently

includes definitions of various terms and units used.For some investigations, secondary data are not

available.

MERIT OF PRIMARY DATA

Collection of data requires a lot of time.Requires lot of finance.In some enquiries it is not possible to collect

primary data.Requires a lot of labour.Requires a lot of skill.

DEMERIT OF PRIMARY DATA

Data collected from a source that has already been published in any form is called as secondary data. The review of literature in any research is based on secondary data. Mostly from books, journals and periodicals.

SECONDARY DATA

• Published printed source Books Journals/periodicals Magazines/Newspapers

• Published Electronic Sources e-journals General websites Weblogs

SOURCE OF SECONDADRY DATA

• Unpublished Personal Records Diaries Letters

• Government Records Census Data/population statistics: Health recordsEducational institutes records

Contd…………

• Public Sector Records:NGOs's survey dataOther private companies records

Contd……..

MERIT OF SECONDARY DATA

 Use is very convenient. Saves time and finance. In some enquiries primary data cannot be

collected. Reliable secondary data are generally available for

many investigations.

MERIT OF SECONDARY DATA

DEMERIT OF SECONDARY DATA

Very difficult to find sufficiently accurate secondary data.

Very difficult to find secondary data which exactly fulfils the need of present investigation.

Extra caution is required to use secondary data. Not available for all types of enquiries.

DEMERIT OF SECONDARY DATA

Because of the above mentioned disadvantages of secondary data, we will lead to evaluation of secondary data. Evaluation means the following four requirements must be satisfied:-

Availability- It has to be seen that the kind of data you want is available or not. If it is not available then you have to go for primary data.

Relevance- It should be meeting the requirements of the problem. For this we have two criterion:- Units of measurement should be the same. Concepts used must be same and currency of data should not be outdated.

Accuracy- In order to find how accurate the data is, the following points must be considered: - Specification and methodology used; Margin of error should be examined; The dependability of the source must be seen.

Sufficiency- Adequate data should be available.

EVALUATION OF SECONDARY DATA

• Secondarydataareinformationpreviouslygatheredforadifferentpurposethatmayberelevanttotheproblemathand.

• Secondarydatacancomefromsourcesinternaltotheorganizationorexternal.

• Theinternetandsyndicatedfirmshave,inmanyways,enabledthegatheringofsecondarydata.

• Secondarydataaregenerallyuseful,low-cost,rapidlyavailablesourcesofinformation.

• Always look for secondary data first•

CONCLUSION

REFRENCES• INTERNET

• C.R.KOTHARI

• CLASS NOTES

Question and Answer