Printing in 3D

Printing in 3DEuro Foo ‘04

Arthur, James & Simon

2

"Where a calculator on the ENIAC is equipped with 18,000 vacuum tubes

and weighs 30 tons, computers in the future may have only 1,000 vacuum tubes and perhaps weigh 1.5 tons.”

- Popular Mechanics, 1949.

3

Awareness

4

What are 3D printers?

4

What are 3D printers? Machines that produce physical objects from

digital data.

4


digital data.

3D printer (Solidimension concept modeller)

4


digital data.

3D printer (Solidimension concept modeller)

Physical objects

Science Fiction?

Science Fiction?

It is very real and the technology is used today.

6

Where is it used?

6

Where is it used?

Everywhere from

making shoes

6

Where is it used?

Everywhere from

making shoes

And building tank parts

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Where is it used?

Everywhere from

making shoes

And building tank parts

X-Ray

Print

To medical

applications

7

How do they work?

7

How do they work? Many different technologies (see “Rapid Prototyping and

Tooling”, A. Maier)

7



Develop solid objects and electronics by

building in layers.

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building in layers.

Most interesting

use “inkjet”

technology.

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building in layers.

Most interesting

use “inkjet”

technology.

7




building in layers.

Most interesting

use “inkjet”

technology.

7




building in layers.

Most interesting

use “inkjet”

technology.

7




building in layers.

Most interesting

use “inkjet”

technology.

7




building in layers.

Most interesting

use “inkjet”

technology.

7




building in layers.

Most interesting

use “inkjet”

technology.

7




building in layers.

Most interesting

use “inkjet”

technology.

8

How big are the machines?

8

Used to be

How big are the machines?

8

Used to be

How big are the machines? But

technology

changes

8

Used to be


technology

changes

And gets

smaller

8

Used to be


technology

changes

And gets

smaller In 2004, a

desktop

version is

expected to

be released.

8

Used to be


technology

changes

And gets

smaller In 2004, a

desktop

version is

expected to

be released.

Cost $19,000

9

State of the industry

Rapid Prototyping (RP)

concept models

20041990 2003

Rapid Manufacturing (RM)

Finished products

1987

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Why should we be aware?

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Machines which can build other machines

impact the traditional manufacturing model

(e.g. nanotechnology)

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3D printing is such a disruptive technology.

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3D printing is such a disruptive technology.

There are future implications - Printers

which Print Printers, Open source design

etc.

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Summary

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Summary This technology:

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Is very real

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Prints customised objects

and electronics.

Is very real

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Prints customised objects

and electronics.

Is very real

High value

$0

$175,000,000

$350,000,000

$525,000,000

$700,000,000

Services($257M)

Hardware($176M)

Consumables ($94M)

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Interest

13

3D printing Markets

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3D printing Markets

Commercial Prototyping

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3D printing Markets


Rapid Manufacturing

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3D printing Markets


Rapid Manufacturing

Consumer 3DPrinting

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Commercial Prototyping Concept models.

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ZCorp has a 32% market share. (Wohler, Rapid Prototyping 2004)

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ZCorp has a 32% market share. (Wohler, Rapid Prototyping 2004)

Currently use HP printer heads.

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Rapid Manufacturing

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Rapid Manufacturing Finished goods.

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Cost effective for short product runs (less than 6,000 - Loughborough University)

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“Print” in metals, plastics and polymers. NB patents for inkjet printing electronic circuits.

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Rapid Manufacturing

Allows for mass customisation.

Finished goods.


“Print” in metals, plastics and polymers. NB patents for inkjet printing electronic circuits.

Science Fiction?

Science Fiction?

In Sweden they already “print” hearing aids customised to the

individual patient.

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Consumer 3D printing

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“Printing” physical objects at home.

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“Printing” physical objects at home.

Instant delivery & customisation.

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Why?

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Why?

Consumers benefits are customisation, cost and delivery.

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Design

Production

Distribution

Tools & Machinery

Factory Space

Raw Materials & RM Stock

Labour

Overhead

Warehouse

Shipping

Overhead

Why?


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Design

Production

Distribution

Tools & Machinery

Factory Space


Labour

Overhead

Warehouse

Shipping

Overhead

Why?


Design

Production

Distribution

Tools & Machinery

Factory Space


Labour

Overhead

Warehouse

Shipping

Overhead

18

Design

Production

Distribution

Tools & Machinery

Factory Space


Labour

Overhead

Warehouse

Shipping

Overhead

Why?


Design

Production

Distribution

Tools & Machinery

Factory Space


Labour

Overhead

Warehouse

Shipping

Overhead

Design

Production Raw Materials & RM Stock

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Design

Production

Distribution

Tools & Machinery

Factory Space


Labour

Overhead

Warehouse

Shipping

Overhead

Why?


Design

Production

Distribution

Tools & Machinery

Factory Space


Labour

Overhead

Warehouse

Shipping

Overhead

Design


Printers

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Design

Production

Distribution

Tools & Machinery

Factory Space


Labour

Overhead

Warehouse

Shipping

Overhead

Why?


Design

Production

Distribution

Tools & Machinery

Factory Space


Labour

Overhead

Warehouse

Shipping

Overhead

Design


Printers

Design consumable

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Design

Production

Distribution

Tools & Machinery

Factory Space


Labour

Overhead

Warehouse

Shipping

Overhead

Why?


Design

Production

Distribution

Tools & Machinery

Factory Space


Labour

Overhead

Warehouse

Shipping

Overhead

Design


Printers

Design consumable

Material consumable

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Design

Production

Distribution

Tools & Machinery

Factory Space


Labour

Overhead

Warehouse

Shipping

Overhead

Why?

For manufacturers, the threat is that capital cost barriers for new competitors are removed.


Design

Production

Distribution

Tools & Machinery

Factory Space


Labour

Overhead

Warehouse

Shipping

Overhead

Design


Printers

Design consumable

Material consumable

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How big is this?

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How big is this?

Home Products is a $1 trillion market.(extrapolated from a $350 billion US Market, US Economic overview 2003)

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How big is this?

Home Products is a $1 trillion market.(extrapolated from a $350 billion US Market, US Economic overview 2003)

Unexploited

Henry C. Co, Technology and Operations Management, CSU.

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Summary

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Summary

Three new marketsCommercial Prototyping

Rapid Manufacturin

g

Consumer 3DPrinting

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Summary


Rapid Manufacturin

g

Consumer 3DPrinting

Uses well known technology

20

Summary


Rapid Manufacturin

g

Consumer 3DPrinting

Uses well known technology

Relatively unexploited.

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Market Trends

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Trends.

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Trends. Hardware & consumables is worth $270M p.a.

and expected to grow to $330M per year by 2006.

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Trends. Hardware & consumables is worth $270M p.a.

and expected to grow to $330M per year by 2006.

$0

$125,000,000

$250,000,000

$375,000,000

$500,000,000

1994

1995

1996

1997

1998

1999

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004

2005

2006

ConsumablesConsumables est.HardwareHardware est.Add-on servicesAdd-on services est.

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Machine sales

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Machine sales The underlying volume of RP machines sold

shows a high growth level

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Machine sales The underlying volume of RP machines sold

shows a high growth level

0

500

1000

1500

2000

1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006

3D Machines sold3D Machines Estimated

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Patent Growth

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Patent Growth Gives an idea of the future interest in a market.

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Patent Growth Gives an idea of the future interest in a market.

+21% Growth in RP patents issued.

+231 new RP patents in 2003

0

100

200

300

400

1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006

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Thank you

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Also available in colour.