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RESEARCH METHODS
QUANTITATIVE
QUALITATIVE
QUALITATIVE
NATURAL OBSERVATION
MEANING
UNDERSTANDING
QUALITATIVE
Reveal how all the parts work together to form a whole.
“Meaning is embedded in people’s experiences and this meaning is mediated through the investigator’s own perceptions “ Patton (1985)
Characteristics Understanding the meaning of
people have constructed. Researcher is the primary
instrument for data collection and analysis.
Involves fieldwork. Primarily employs an inductive
research strategy The product of a qualitative study
is richly descriptive.
What it means for participants to
be in that setting. What their lives are like. What ‘s going on for them. What their meanings are. What the world looks like in the
participant setting.
COMMON TYPES OF QUALITATIVE RESEARCH IN EDUCATION.
Basic or Generic Ethnography Phenomenology Grounded Theory Case study
QUANTITATIVE
CONTROLED
QUESTIONARIES
DEDUCTIVE
QUANTITATIVE
The aim is to classify features, count them, and
construct statistical models in an attempt to explain
what is observed.
All aspects of the study are carefully designed before data is collected.Researcher knows clearly in advance what he/she is looking for.
Researcher uses tools, such as questionnaires or equipment to collect numerical data.
Data is in the form of numbers and statistics.
measurement & analysis of target concepts, e.g., uses surveys, questionnaires etc
Quantitative data is more efficient, able to test hypotheses, but may miss contextual detail.
Mix methods research
Mixed methods research is a research design with
philosophical assumptions as well as methods of inquiry.
•The techniques or methods of collecting and analyzing data.
•Quantitative and qualitative methods
• As a methodology, it involves philosophical assumptions that
guide the direction of the collection and analysis of data and the mixture of qualitative
and quantitative approaches in many phases in the research
process.
•As a method, it focuses on collecting, analyzing, and mixing both quantitative and qualitative data in a single study or series of
studies.
•Its central premise is that the use of quantitative and qualitative
approaches in combination provides a better understanding of research
problems than either approach alone.
Quantitative and Qualitative Research Articles
Examples:Garcia & Lopez Velasquez (2003)
Cohen & Rodrigez (1980)
Language of headings
Look at the tittles of the sections of both articles:
what are the differences in the language the authors used for the
sections?
Can you judge whether an article is QL or QT from the section tittles?
RESEARCH QUESTIONS
LOOK AT THE RESEARCH QUESTIONS IN THE TWO ARTICLES.
What differences do you notice?
FINDINGS AND RESULTS
Read the FINDINGS in Garcia & Lopez Velasquez (2003) and in Cohen & Rodriguez (1998)
What differences do you notice?
References
Fran. Meriam, S:B (1998) Qualitative Research And Case Study Applications In Education. San Francisco, CA: Tossey- Brass