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Real-Time Communications and the Industrial Internet of ThingsSara Granados Cabeza, [email protected] Innovations Inc.
Who we areand what we do
2014 © Real-Time Innovations Inc.
Let me introduce myself...● Computer Engineering (2001-2006)
○ Final project: Visual processing platform based on artificial retinas
● Master in Computer Engineering and Networks (2006-2007)
● Ph.D. (2007-2012)○ Thesis: Efficient architecture to
condensate visual information driven by attention processes■ SlideShare
○ Research stays in Leuven (Belgium)
● Software Engineer at RTI (2011-)○ Lead engineer of the integration
with LabVIEW○ C/C++ Tools Engineer
2014 © Real-Time Innovations Inc.
… And let me introduce RTI
● Spin-off Stanford Aerospace Robotic Lab● Worldwide company
○ USA (HQ), Canada, UK, and Spain● We build real-time middleware and related
tools○ Customers: medical, energy, mining,
air traffic control, trading, automotive, unmanned systems, industrial SCADA, ground stations, and science
● OMG members○ Define the DDS standard with other
vendors● Spain Development Center
○ Core, Tools, Performance, Platforms and Support
2014 © Real-Time Innovations Inc.
What we do?
Application
Middleware
Network Stack
Application
Middleware
Network Stack
● We build real-time middleware○ Real Time Connext
● What is middleware?○ Handles discovery, connection,
failures, ...○ Easy programing: simpler APIs
Application
Middleware
Network Stack
pub/subAPI
SocketAPI
Industrial Internet of ThingsHype or revolution?
2014 © Real-Time Innovations Inc.
The Internet of Things
© 2014 Real-Time Innovations, Inc.
2014 © Real-Time Innovations Inc.
Internet of Things?
+
2014 © Real-Time Innovations Inc.
Multiple Definitions
Cisco “Internet of Everything”…the latest wave of the Internet -- connecting physical objects…to provide better safety, comfort, and efficiencyIBM “Internet of Things”…a completely new world-wide web, one comprised of the messages that digitally empowered devices would send to one another. It is the same Internet, but not the same Web.GE “Industrial Internet”…convergence of machine and intelligent data…to create brilliant machinesRTI “Your Systems. Working as One.”…an entirely new utility. As profound as the cell network, GPS, or the Internet itself. The Internet of Things and the Intelligent Systems it enables will fundamentally change our world.
2014 © Real-Time Innovations Inc.
What do we know about IIoT?
Forbes magazine recently published an independent market study that ranked major Industrial IoT influencers, which included RTI, Google, Cisco, GE, Omron and others. CIO Review also recognized RTI as one of the Top 50 Most Promising Internet of Things Companies in 2014.
2014 © Real-Time Innovations Inc.
Industrial Internet Consortium
●
2014 © Real-Time Innovations Inc.
The future: Smart Systems
Real-Time Analytics
and Control
OperatorHMI
Sensors Actuators
IT and CloudIntegration
DATA DISTRIBUTION
What connects the Things?IIoT Standard Protocols
2014 © Real-Time Innovations Inc.
IIoT Protocol Taxonomy• Access
– Link sparse endpoints
– XMPP
• Process– Biz intelligence– Centralized/ESB– ~100ms– MQ/AMQP
• Collect– Collect data– Hub & spoke– ~10ms– MQTT/CoAP
• Control, distribute– DataBus– ~0.1 ms– DDS
© 2014 Real-Time Innovations, Inc.
Web Services and Business Apps
Devices and Intelligent Systems
Control: DDS
Access: XMPP, REST
Collect:
MQTT, CoAP
Process: AMQP
2014 © Real-Time Innovations Inc.
AMQP: Process Device Data
© 2014 Real-Time Innovations, Inc.
Advanced Message Queuing Protocol (AMQP)
2014 © Real-Time Innovations Inc.
AMQP Queuing Model
© 2014 Real-Time Innovations, Inc.
2014 © Real-Time Innovations Inc.
XMPP: Access Device Data
© 2014 Real-Time Innovations, Inc.
Extensible Messaging and Presence Protocol (XMPP)
2014 © Real-Time Innovations Inc.
MQTT: Collect Device Data
© 2014 Real-Time Innovations, Inc.
Message Queuing Telemetry Transport (MQTT)
2014 © Real-Time Innovations Inc.© 2014 Real-Time Innovations, Inc.
2014 © Real-Time Innovations Inc.
DDS: Distribute Device Data
© 2014 Real-Time Innovations, Inc.
Real-Time Analytics &
ControlOperator HMI
Sensors Actuators
Cloud Integration
Data Distribution Service (DDS)
2014 © Real-Time Innovations Inc.
Many Others
© 2014 Real-Time Innovations, Inc.
2014 © Real-Time Innovations Inc.
The DDS Standard
● OMG!● Interoperability● Standards family
○ DDS 1.2 (API)○ RTPS 2.0 (Wire prototocol)○ X-Types (Extensibility)○ WEB-DDS○ UML Profile○ PSM (C++, Java)○ Security (WIP)○ RPC (WIP)
http://portals.omg.org/dds/
2014 © Real-Time Innovations Inc.
Data-centricity example
2014 © Real-Time Innovations Inc.
Data Centric Model
● Data drive the communication○ Data type and content define the interactions○ e.g. Temperature data
● Topic is the exchange unit○ Name + Type○ Samples are univocally identified by keys (like in DB)○ QoS per publication: matched vs. offered
● Global Data Space○ Applications publish topics to a global data space○ Global shared cache
Temp Writer
Temp Writer
Pressure Writer
Temp Reader
Pressure Reader
Pressure Reader
Topic: Temp
Topic: Pressure
2014 © Real-Time Innovations Inc.
Publish/Subscribe
● Paradigm shift:○ From “give me your information” to “send me your data have when
you have more”● Applications specify what can provide and what are they interested in
○ Middleware handles sending, reception and conversion○ e.g. “I offer temperature data”, “I’m interested in pressure data”
● Applications are matched by interests:
Temp Publisher
Temp Subscriber
TempSubscriber
Pressure Subscriber
2014 © Real-Time Innovations Inc.
Data Centric Model
● Decentralized● Acts as a distributed database/cache● No servers involved
Source Longitude Latitude Altitude
UAV1 37.4 -120 500
UAV2 40.1 -23 433
UAV3 50 -1 100
Virtual Data Space
Source Event Code
UAV1 WARNING FUEL_LOW
UAV2 INFO LANDINGUAV1
UAV2
UAV3
All about UAV1
All UAV positions
2014 © Real-Time Innovations Inc.
Quality of Service (QoS)
Quality of Service Quality of service
DURABILITY USER_DATA
HISTORY TOPIC_DATA
READER DATA LIFECYCLE GROUP_DATA
WRITER DATA LIFECYCLE PARTITION
LIFESPAN PRESENTATION
ENTITY FACTORY DESTINATION ORDER
RESOURCE LIMITS OWNERSHIP
RELIABILITY OWNERSHIP STRENGTH
TIME BASED FILTER LIVELINESS
DEADLINE LATENCY BUDGET
CONTENT FILTERS TRANSPORT PRIORITY
Vol
atili
tyIn
frast
ruct
ure
Del
iver
yU
serP
resentationR
edundancyTransport
2014 © Real-Time Innovations Inc.
DDS & IoT
● Access○ Link sparse endpoints○ XMPP
● Process○ Biz intelligence○ Centralized/ESB○ ~100ms○ MQ/AMQP
● Collect○ Collect data○ Hub & spoke○ ~10ms○ MQTT/CoAP
● Control, distribute○ DataBus○ ~.01ms○ DDS
Devices and Intelligent Systems
Web services and Bussiness aps
Control
Col
lect
ProcessAc
cess
Who and whereReal world successful examples
http://www.rti.com/industries/iot.html
2014 © Real-Time Innovations Inc.
IIoT from different fields
2014 © Real-Time Innovations Inc.
Industrial control
● Siemens○ Industry 4.0 (video)
■ More flexible manufacturing processes:● customer-defined products
○ Predictive maintenance○ Replenishment location and
weight sensors.● Avionics
○ “Product memory” and smart tools.
● Joy Mining○ Historical data
2014 © Real-Time Innovations Inc.
Robotics
● NASA / ESA○ Share data over
disadvantaged links (video)○ Remote control from satellite
(video)○ Coordination between sensors
and actuators ○ 3D printing replacements
● Unmanned vehicles○ SAR
2014 © Real-Time Innovations Inc.
Energy
● Siemens Wind Power○ IT integration for
maintenance● LocalGrid
○ Monitor and control● Grand Coulee Dam
○ Large US Electricity Producer
2014 © Real-Time Innovations Inc.
Medical: Control and Integration
● Hospital management○ Continuous treatment○ Preventing 50.000
deaths/year (article)
● Patient monitoring○ DDS connects devices with
decision engines○ 60% emergency vehicles!
2014 © Real-Time Innovations Inc.
Connecting devices with hospitals to provide better treatment while en-route
4G/LTE
EMS: Cloud Integration
2014 © Real-Time Innovations Inc.
Medical: Imaging and treatment
● Imaging○ GE Healtcare (link)
● Treatment○ Mevion’s Proton-Beam
Radiation Therapy system zaps tumors with accelerated protons
2014 © Real-Time Innovations Inc.
● Volkswagen○ VW Driver Assistance and
Integrated Safety ■ radars, laser range finders,
and video integration○ Avoid obstacles, detect lane
departures, track eye activity, and safely negotiate bends
● Audi○ (video)
● Bridge high speed networking to the CAN bus
Transportation: Smart cars
2014 © Real-Time Innovations Inc.
● A modern car contains 100+ CPUs
● Audi uses hardware-in-the-loop simulation to feed realistic data to components in a lab for testing
● RTI middleware enables a modular test environment that scales to work with hundreds of devices
Transportation: Distributed testing
2014 © Real-Time Innovations Inc.
Transportation
● Rail Tracking
● Flight Training Simulators
● Air Traffic Control○ NAV Canada: 2nd ANSP in
the world○ 24x7 Operation
How to choose a protocol?Picking an Architecture
2014 © Real-Time Innovations Inc.
Types of Middleware
Point-to-Point Client/Server Publish/Subscribe Data-Centric
DataBus
Queuing
2014 © Real-Time Innovations Inc.
How to Choose?
2014 © Real-Time Innovations Inc.
Identify Your Primary Challenge
© 2014 Real-Time Innovations, Inc.
Web Services and Business Apps
Devices and Intelligent Systems
Control: DDS
Access: XMPP, REST
Collect:
MQTT, CoAP
Process: AMQP
2014 © Real-Time Innovations Inc.
Choose MQTT If…
• Think of it as collection?
• Little device-device communications?
• Large number of devices?
• Very small devices?
• 3 or 4 => MQTT
© 2014 Real-Time Innovations, Inc.
Collect:
MQTT, CoAP
2014 © Real-Time Innovations Inc.
Choose AMQP If…
• Distributing work, not information?
• Just send A to B?
• Speed & CPU use not important?
• Can’t lose anything?
• 3 or 4 => AMQP
© 2014 Real-Time Innovations, Inc.
Process: AMQP
2014 © Real-Time Innovations Inc.
Choose XMPP/REST If…
• Use the word “my”?
• Few connectivity points in large space?
• Speed & CPU use not important?
• “Always” connected?
• 3 or 4 => XMPP or REST
© 2014 Real-Time Innovations, Inc.
2014 © Real-Time Innovations Inc.
Choose DDS If…
• Disaster if offline for 5 minutes?
• Measure performance in ms or us? Or scale >100+ applications? Or 10k+ data values?
• Code actively developed for >3 yrs?
• 2 or 3 => DDS
© 2014 Real-Time Innovations, Inc.
Control: DDS
2014 © Real-Time Innovations Inc.
Unit DataBusUnit DataBus
Extend End-to-End
• Connect…– Fast– Seamless– QoS controlled– Secure– Data centric
• …80 Platforms…– Micro controllers– Certified systems– Embedded– Mobile– Desktop– Cloud
• …over 12 Transports– UDP or TCP– D/TLS (secure)– Wireless or wired– Shared memory– Backplane– Cloud virtual connect
© 2014 Real-Time Innovations, Inc.
IntelligentMachines
IntelligentSystems
IntelligentIndustrial Internet
Cloud DataBus
Site DataBus
IntelligentSystem of Systems
Unit DataBus
Sense Act
Think HMI
Machine DataBus
Think HMI
Machine DataBus
Sense Act
Think HMI
Machine DataBus
2014 © Real-Time Innovations Inc.
Example Protocol Challenges in Power
© 2014 Real-Time Innovations, Inc.
Grid Control
Optimize BillingBalance Grid
Collect
Meter Data Turn My Lights
Off
Manage Loading
Distributed Control
SCADA Control
Device ServiceREST CoAP
2014 © Real-Time Innovations Inc.
Conclusions
● The IoT is Huge○ Many challenges!○ Many technologies, many protocols
● Design for Best Fit○ Determine your hardest problem○ Choose the primary protocol to solve it
● Build a coherent data space○ Extend your primary choice to its reasonable limits○ Route to integrate legacy & best-of-class
technologies
RTI CommunityResources
2014 © Real-Time Innovations Inc.
RTI Community
Community Portal:http://community.rti.com/Blog: http://blogs.rti.com/Case+Code:www.rti.com/usecasesGithub:https://github.com/rticommunityTwitter: @RealTimeInnov
2014 © Real-Time Innovations Inc.
Case + Code
https://www.rti.com/resources/usecases/
● Use case based walkthroughs● Design, code and settings
Chocolate Factory Vehicle Tracking
Cloud/IoT Monitoring Video Streaming
2014 © Real-Time Innovations Inc.
RTI University Program
● Free licenses for research projects● Conference grants● Projects and Thesis
○ Degree, Master, PhD, …■ Contact us!!
○ Research● Collaboration with Universities
○ University of Granada Tech Challenge○ Open research opportunities and challenges!
■ Security, scalability, ...
http://www.rti.com/resources/university-program.html
2015 © Real-Time Innovations Inc.2015 © Real-Time Innovations Inc.Image from: https://blogs.dal.ca/csc/2012/03/06/internships/
2014 © Real-Time Innovations Inc.
RTI Internships● What are we looking for
○ Software Engineers■ Computer Science Degree
(or similar)○ C/C++○ Java, C# and scripting is a plus○ Ability to work in distributed
teams○ English !!
● Emple@ Joven (link)○ Finish degree in 2011-2012 or
2012-2013○ Live in Andalucia○ 9 months, 25h/week
Spain Development Center● Granada● Young team● Core, Tools, Platforms &
Support Teams
http://www.rti.com/careers
Thanks for your attention!Any questions?