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Energy & EcoTechnologyModule 4 of the PDC+++PDC
++
+We dedicate this Module to the Mother &
Father of Integral Permaculture: Dana Meadows & Howard Odum, two original
pioneers who helped humanity make great strides in understanding systemic
thinking, in all four quadrants.
How do we Design good EcoTechnologies? Part 2a*
Technology is the application of science, so a good basic knowledge of science is essential if we are to design technologies of any kind.
*And everything that transforms energy or matter from one form to another is a technology, so science and technology really are basic for life, and certainly
for designers. *
In this second part of exploring technology as the application of science, we delve into the basic science of space elevators, of pathogens & of basic
mechanics & vectors in order to become better designers of water systems, compost toilets & any built structures, large or small - with lots of examples.
Class M4.10aEcoTech
M4.10 * How do we Design GREAT EcoTechnologies?Space Elevators & Kangaroos
Appropriate technology 2
f) Pathogens & Compost Toilets
G) Basic Mechanics & Power
h) Vectors & Buildings
i) Collective Intelligence TechClass M4.10
EcoTech
Space Elevators & Kangaroos It has been 'proved' that kangoroos can't jump, bees can't fly & that
birds can't get enough energy from their food to power their search
for food in the first place.
It has even been 'proved' that life is impossible because living systems become more & more ordered, whereas physics implies that all systems become more & more
disordered.
The Science of the DiscworldTerry Pratchett, etc.
But the physics we're interested in,
includes Eros
Space Elevators & Kangaroos
A space elevator is something outrageously difficult, complex &
expensive to create ...
... that will however make space travel very cheap, once it has been built
There's nothing permacultural, probably, about the project in itself
(for the same kinds of reasons eloquently exposed here by other sci-fi fans >>)
We need 'space elevator science'
to understand how kangaroos work
Space elevators are to rocketswhat kangoroos are to sacks of
potatoes
as a Metaphor
Think Mythically
BUT ... the concept is actually VERY permacultural
80/20 ruleMiniMax
Multi-Function
...
We have a lot of "space-elevator"
principles in permaculture
...because
Nature is FULL of great
examples of this
Space Elevators & Kangaroos
More later ...
on HT Odum's
take on Space Elevators
M4.10 * How do we Design GREAT EcoTechnologies?Space Elevators & Kangaroos
Appropriate technology 2
f) Pathogens & Compost Toilets
G) Basic Mechanics & Power
h) Vectors & Buildings
i) Collective Intelligence TechClass M4.10
EcoTech
Appropriate Tech1• Ghandian Criteria
• Schumacher Criteria
• Integral PermaCulture Criteria
small-scale, local & predominantly village-based technologydoes not exploit people (only benefit a few, put people out of work, etc.)
"Small is Beautiful"labour-intensive, not energy-intensivenatural resources as Capital (not expendable income)"enoughness", sustainability, questions GNP "the aim ought to be to obtain the maximum amount of well being with the minimum amount of consumption."
9 Ways to Thrive with min. energy & resource useBUT open up creative possibilities about what 'large scale' techs might also be sustainableAND especially consider all 'invisibles'
Integral PermaCulture
Criteria
1) subsistencephysical and mental healthfood, shelter, work, feed, clothe, rest, workliving environment, social setting
2) protectioncare, adaptability, autonomysocial security, health systems, workco-operate, plan, take care of, helpsocial environment, dwelling
3) affectionrespect, sense of humour, generosity, sensualityfriendships, family, relationships with natureshare, take care of, make love, express emotionsprivacy, intimate spaces of togetherness
4) understandingcritical capacity, curiosity, intuitionliterature, teachers, policies, educationalanalyse, study, meditate, investigate,schools, families, universities, communities,
5) participationreceptiveness, dedication, sense of humourresponsibilities, duties, work, rightscooperate, dissent, express opinionsassociations, parties, churches, neighbourhoods
Manfred Max-Neef
9 Ways to ThriveReal Human Needs (Integral)
6) leisureimagination, tranquility, spontaneitygames, parties, peace of mind, day-dream, remember, relax, have fun, landscapes, intimate spaces, places to be alone
7) creationimagination, boldness, inventiveness, curiosityabilities, skills, work, techniques, invent, build, design, work, compose, interpret, spaces for expression, workshops, audiences
8) identitysense of belonging, self-esteem, consistencylanguage, religions, work, customs, values, normsget to know oneself, grow, commit oneselfplaces one belongs to, everyday settings
9) freedomautonomy, passion, self-esteem, open-mindednessequal rights, dissent, choose, run risks, develop awareness, anywhere
Real Human Needs (Integral)
Manfred Max-Neef
9 Ways to Thrive
fully take int account that ULTIMATELY
it is all these needs that our designs & technologies need to
fulfill ... because
although the 6 Ways to Die are essential to keep in mind for survival, it is the rich North
ransacking the poor South that is mostly causing those deaths.
Integral PermaCulture
Criteria
for Appropriate Technologies
M4.10 * How do we Design GREAT EcoTechnologies?Space Elevators & Kangaroos
Appropriate technology 2
f) Pathogens & Compost Toilets
G) Basic Mechanics & Power
h) Vectors & Buildings
i) Collective Intelligence TechClass M4.10
EcoTech
First… we need to be conscious of the fact that First… we need to be conscious of the fact that if we talk about toiletsif we talk about toilets
(any type of toilet)(any type of toilet)we’ll necessarily reach (or avoid) topics of thewe’ll necessarily reach (or avoid) topics of the
““dark side" (poo, rotting, death & life, etc.).dark side" (poo, rotting, death & life, etc.).And this is a very important issueAnd this is a very important issue
we talk about in the class M3.3 Vital Cycleswe talk about in the class M3.3 Vital Cycles(there’s a little summary here)(there’s a little summary here)
cyclecycle
• It’s something very rooted in the “Taker” culture (that could be precisely why takers take)
• In essence… the fear of death is the fear of letting cycles complete.
• But… if we block the vital cycles, the system gets sick
• Any vital cycle implies the death of something,
• even when the death only happens in our perception.
Fear of deathWe ignore the We ignore the “Kali” part of “Kali” part of the Mother the Mother Goddess, Goddess,
including now including now in Her in Her
'reclaiming’'reclaiming’
class M3.3 Vital Cyclesclass M3.3 Vital Cycles
The pagan “Wheel of the Year”The pagan “Wheel of the Year”and the stories of gods & and the stories of gods &
goddessesgoddesseshonour in the same way life & honour in the same way life &
deathdeath
M5 > Designing with mythsM5 > Designing with myths
We’re very well prepared to We’re very well prepared to avoid, erase, disinfect, kill avoid, erase, disinfect, kill
completely…completely…
… … the same base of nature’s the same base of nature’s abundanceabundance
- The other half of the - The other half of the natural cycles, that’s natural cycles, that’s
considered “dirty” or “un-considered “dirty” or “un-favored”: favored”:
Gaia’s “hidden face” Gaia’s “hidden face” class M3.3 Vital Cyclesclass M3.3 Vital Cycles
Larval Debridement Therapy A badly infected heel
Larval Therapy
We give this example… it saves her life(but it is very difficult to find doctors willing to do
this )
Are we making the planet better
&more fertile with
our life?Depends on what
technologies we use
Which Science to Apply? Psychology
Our bodies (and minds) INEVITABLY cause
pollution...
or fertility
Which depend on what
mentalities (mythologies) we
engage
"Poo Phobia" affects What we can see & therefore design
Designed to Maximize Fertility with Minimum Effort:
• Easy to build (very mini-max)
• Well-integrated with animal systems (max transformities)
• Adapted to the local culture (by people very 'close to Nature')
Chicken Coop Compost Toilet in Canary Island
Pig Feeder toilet
... All poo is somebody’s
food
This is the natural cycle of poo
like all waste ...
Ecology
There is much brilliant 'space elevator
technology' already invested in processing
our waste
photo by Peter Morgan, Aquamor, Zimbabwe
It is usually diluted between 1:3 and 1:5 parts urine to water.
Urine contains most of the nitrogen,
phosphorus and potassium we release.
These nutrients are the major components of chemical fertilizers
Urine
There are good reasons to be careful around
human poo… (Especially in high density
places)
The fecal-oral route is used by many parasites
Giardia lamblia
Taenia solium
Psychology & History
Giardiasis (Giardia lamblia)
• Very common all over the world(in developing countries, nearly 33% of people)• Transmitted by many mammals• Very resistant cysts• Survives for long times in moist, dark & cold places
Taeniasis (Taenia Sp.)
• Found worldwide, Especially in cosmopolitan areas• Many mammals carry: faeces contain eggs• If eggs are consumed, larvae form cysts in tissues• If cysts are consumed, adults attach to small intestine
Which Science to Apply? - Pathology
Hot compost
Biogas digestors(with thermophilic
microorganisms)
&
Maintaining 58~71ºC (135~160ºF) for 3 days
Which Science to Apply? - PathologyHot composting is thought to kill most mesophilic pathogens
Which Science to Apply? - PathologyLonger times cold-composting is also safe
Within a few hours the vast majority of human
pathogens die since they cannot survive outside
the human body.
After one year of decomposition the only nasty which can remain is a type of roundworm (Ascaris Lumbricoides)
egg -
these can survive for up to 10 years.
Parasitic roundworm infection affects over 1
billion people worldwide.
& the lesser-known science of pooing Ergonomics
Ancient toilets… weren’t so different?
Which Science to Apply? - Anthropology
In Asiathis is still normal
& the lesser-known science of pooing Ergonomics
Which Science to Apply? - Medicine
5. Santa Valentina Present for Butterflies
A webinar about Food Science
* the Big Evolutionary Controversies
* Better Food & the Landbase
* How we're kept stupid & sick with old food myths
For people who contribute 2-3 posts in the Wiser group! Before end March :)
email us atnodoespiral@
nodoespiral.net
Present
Compost Toilet designed for a Composting Bin System
Strawbale Compost Toilet
Commercial Compost Toilets
IPEC, PirenopolisCarousel Compost Toilet in Finland
Solar Letrine in Bolivia
Rotaloo
Design Criteria vary ...
It was designed to Educate & Impress in a busy PC demonstration Site
(where politicians can go), so it’s:
• Built for max. distance from Poo • Decorated beautifully
• Many similar toilets around the site• Very pleasant to visit!
IPEC, Pirenopolis
Design Criteria vary ...
located in a humid Tropics, so
(if pee & water is added to the mix)
it's important to heat & dry the poo mix
Space for storage underneath
Educational
Use water not paper
M4.10 * How do we Design GREAT EcoTechnologies?Space Elevators & Kangaroos
Appropriate technology 2
f) Pathogens & Compost Toilets
G) Basic Mechanics & Power
h) Vectors & Buildings
i) Collective Intelligence TechClass M4.10
EcoTech
More Now ...
on HT Odum's
take on Space Elevators
4th Law of Thermodynamics
The Maximum Empower Principle
Odum proposed the Maximum
empower principle as a corollary of the maximum power principle,
and considered it to describe the
propensities of evolutionary self-
organization.
From Class M4.4
HT Odum proposed some additional laws of ThermoDynamics -
that include Life
Systems maximize power by: 1) developing storages of high-quality energy, 2) feeding back work from storages to increase inflows, 3) recycling materials as needed, 4) organizing control mechanisms that keep the system adapted and stable, 5) setting up exchanges for needed materials, 6) Contributing work to the next larger system
4th Law of ThermodynamicsThe Maximum
Empower Principle
M4.41)
2)
5)
3) 4) This is A PART of how the
Economics of Nature (which we call Eco-Economics) is designed:
a big investment in intelligence is needed ... in order to create really resilient systems, which
benefit ALL species.
Use Biological Resources
Natural Patterns
Diversity
Natural Successionobserve, observe,
observe
Space Elevators & Ecosystems
Eg. the GaiaSis programme - designed around the
80/20 principle ...
but people want to 'learn quick' & so end up 'learning' the 20/80
mentality ... again
Space Elevator Economies?
Margrit Kennedy: Interest and Inflation Free Money
A sketch of the current
machinery
Nature Economies(EcoEconomy) - The most
important technologies right now
Life always generates conditions that create more life
There’s no control center in the system that orchestrates the behavior of each part;being wholly themselves, completely alert& totally sensitive to changes in the environment,the system’s components interconnect to really form that system, in an emergent process.
Janine Benyus
ciclociclo
6th Santa Valentina Present for Butterflies
http://bit.ly/CursoEcoEconomía
up to 60% 'discount' in "Permis"
for people who enroll in February- early March
* an innovative EcoEconomics Coursefor people who are planning to help change the
economy
¿What have we learnt, specially from Life’s systems, to design EcoEconomies?
CAT's Water Funicular
Centre for Alternative technology, Nr Machynlleth, Pows
It was designed to be 100% water-powered and
semiautomatic
a water-balanced cliff railway
one of the steepest at 34°
Max Speed0,7 m/s
2 cars
Water tank1600 litres
Capacity17 per car
But back to Clever Elevators ...
M4.10 * How do we Design GREAT EcoTechnologies?Space Elevators & Kangaroos
Appropriate technology 2
f) Pathogens & Compost Toilets
G) Basic Mechanics & Power
h) Vectors & Buildings
i) Collective Intelligence TechClass M4.10
EcoTech
Class recorded during
the Online Festival to Celebrate
Evolutionary Love
live from 11th to the 23rd
of February 2013
ongoing & asynchronic (in our own time)
after that
by
www.presents.nodoespiral.net
Us
Me
All Life
ReDesigning Eros
End of Part3
M4.10a