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Renewable Energy Options for Leisure Centres
Michael Bell
Tipperary Energy Agency
3rd October 2013
• Which Renewable Energy Option
• Renewable Energy from Biomass
• Biomass Introduced
• Supply Chain
• Project Management Cycle for Biomass Heat Supply
• Specification of Systems
• Contract Options
• Case Studies of Completed Biomass Project in Leisure Centre
• Key Considerations with Biomass
• Renewable Heat from Heat Pumps
• Other Renewable Energy Options
Introduction
• Every site is unique, however there are some common energy patterns
Which Renewable Energy Option?
Nenagh Thurles -
500
1,000
1,500
2,000
2,500
Electrical (MWh)
Thermal (MWh)
En
erg
y C
on
sum
pti
on
(M
Wh
)
• 75% Thermal Energy Consumption & 61% cost (Average)
• Therefore target thermal renewable energy 1st (After Energy Efficiency)
• Thermal Energy from Renewable Energy Sources
• Biomass
• Wood Chip
• Wood Pellet
• Heat Pump
• Solar Thermal
• CHP
• Biomass has been the logical choice in Tipperary (off gas)
• Lowest Cost
• Proven Technology
• Typically the space is available
• Suited to retrofitting to high temperature systems
Which Renewable Energy Option?
• Two fuels:• Wood Chip and Wood Pellet
• Common Source
Introduction to Biomass
Renewable Energy from Biomass
Wood Chip Wood Pellet
Chip (35% MC) Pellet (8%MC)kWh/tonne 3200 4800€/tonne 125 230
Supply Chain
Partnerships to Supply Heat
• Local wood energy businesses – adopting partnerships
• Feasibility Study & Supply Chain evaluation
• Project Specification
• Project Contract Structuring
• Project Procurement
• ITT Documentation
• Tender award criteria
• Evaluation
• Develop & Set Contract
• Project Implementation on site
• QA/QC!
• Contract management until heat supply has finished
• Procure heat supply contract for further period
Project Management Cycle for Biomass Heat Supply
• Biomass = several interlinked systems in one
• Expert skills required to fully integrate
• Correct structuring of contract is key to success
• Integrate supply of heat where possible to one point of responsibility
• Outline specification required for procurement stage when going for heat supply
• Risk assessment
Specification of Systems
• Thermal Store Size & Location
Specification of Systems
• Boiler Type Size & Location
• Fuel Delivery size & Type & supply chain evaluation
• Fuel Store & Delivery size & Type
Biomass Contract Options
• Separate Contracts for
• Design
• Supply
• Install
• Operate & Maintain
• Supply of Fuel
OR
• Contract to Supply, Install and supply all heat for period of 3 to 5 years, with subsequent contract options after initial heat supply contract finishes (Customer pays capital)
OR
• Contract to Supply, Install and supply all heat for period of 3 to 5 years, with subsequent contract options after initial heat supply contract finishes (ESCO pays capital)
OR ….. Etc
• Each situation is unique and should be evaluated on its own merits
Nenagh Biomass Boiler
Summary
Heat load in kWh 900,000
Biomass cost €42,903
Equivalent oil cost @80c/ litre €91,043
Saving €48,140
Capital Cost €203,165
SERVE EU Grant €80,000
CO2 Saving in Tonnes 207
Nenagh Biomass Boiler
With SERVE EU Grant AidSimple Payback in Years 2.610 Yr NPV €367,00010 Yr IRR 69% Without Grant AidSimple Payback in Years 4.210 Yr NPV €290,03510 Yr IRR 32%
Key Innovation• Contracts• Design Build Operate Contract• Contractor pays for all oil, maintenance, chip
etc.• Single heat supply contract fixed at 4.2c/kWh
for 3 years• All losses, breakdowns covered by contractor• Chip supplied locally.
Thurles Biomass Boiler
SummaryHeat load in kWh (Reducing) 1,500,000Biomass cost €47,000Equivalent LPG cost @55c/litre €115,000Saving €68,000Capital Cost €160,000DoTTS Grant €135,000CO2 Saving in Tonnes 400
Thurles Biomass Boiler
With DoTTS Grant AidSimple Payback in Months 610 Yr NPV €496,00010 Yr IRR 194% Without Grant AidSimple Payback in Months 3010 Yr NPV €377,03510 Yr IRR 59%
Key Considerations with Biomass
• Boiler integration with existing system
• Boiler, pipework & buffer & fuel store sizing
• Pump Control
• Building Energy Management System
• Operation and Maintenance
• Ensure competent personnel
• Supply of fuel
• Asses availability of fuel and level of competition in local market (Wood chip has a local 50km delivery radius)
• Fuel quality
• Fuel Delivery systems and stores
• Ensure systems can accept deliveries from all suppliers in region
• Contract structuring
• Ensure appropriate clauses are covered and structured in contract to cover all parties and enable a long-term sustainable supply of heat (economically & environmentally)
Proper project scoping, specification, procurement, contract & implementation will ensure success
Renewable Heat from Heat Pumps
• Heat Pumps (HP) are suited to low thermal differential situations
• EG: Pool water heating 29 Celsius is an ideal temperature for HP to supply at
• Heat Pumps can be either air source or ground source
• Coefficient of Performance (COP) depends on how well sized and integrated the HP is
• Fesible to supply large portion of Leisure Centre heat load with HP
Economics (simplified):
• Unit of Electricity = 0.15 €/kWh
• Seasonal COP = 3 (est) , thus heat price = 0.05 €/kWh
• Unit of Oil = 0.1€/kWh
• Efficiency = 85%, thus heat price = 0.11 €/kWh
• 55% saving heat pump vs oil (conservative)
Ballina Swimming Pool Case Study
• Open 4 months per annum (summer)
• Outdoor pool, previously unheated & unused
• Solution required to be
• Low maintenance
• Robust
• Suited to leaving switched off over winter
• Low operational cost
• Achieve pool temperature of 24 Celsius
• Options Considered
• Cover
• Solar
• Biomass
• Heat Pump (chosen)
Ballina Swimming Pool Case Study
• 2 x 22kW heat pumps to heat pool Include heat exchanger
• 1 x 9kW heat pump to heat DHW
• 1 x 500l DHW tank
• Aerated shower heads
• CAPEX = €48,000 ex VAT
• Contract structured at procurement stage to include 5 year maintenance
• Annual maintenance is not onerous
• Payback N/A (70% less than oil as system operated during summer with high air & pool temperature) (COP of 4.5)
Other Renewable Energy Options
• Thermal
• CHP – (Only in Natural Gas areas)
• Should always be sized to meet les than peak electrical demand & should be controlled to never dump heat.
• Note also maintenance agreements – look for performance & output based contracts – not run hours
• Solar thermal
• Electrical
• Wind
• CHP
• Solar Photovoltaic
Other Renewable Energy Options
• Wind
• Payback 5 to 20 years (lots of variables)
• Two in operation (at leisure centres)
• Some Considerations• Land Registry & Planning Application
Searches• Local authority zoning & development
plans• Planning & legislative constraints• Wind speed data• Location & selection of wind turbine• Energy & C02 emissions savings• Cost benefit analysis• Site Access• Grid Connection• Social Acceptance
Other Renewable Energy Options
• Solar Photovoltaic
• Cost
• Becoming feasible
Contacts
Tipperary Energy AgencyCraft GranaryChurch StCahir, Co. Tipperary
Michael BellSenior Energy EngineerT: 052 74 43090F: 052 74 43012E: [email protected] W: www.tea.ie
Thank you.