Review of CellsReview of Cells

Types of CellsTypes of Cells

Prokaryotic: Do not Prokaryotic: Do not have a nucleushave a nucleus Bacteria, protists and Bacteria, protists and

simple single celled simple single celled organisms.organisms.

Eukaryotic: Have a Eukaryotic: Have a true nucleustrue nucleus Include plant and Include plant and

animal cellsanimal cells

Plasma membranePlasma membrane

Made up of:Made up of: Phospholipids (bilayer)Phospholipids (bilayer) Carbohydrates Carbohydrates

(receptor molecules)(receptor molecules) Proteins (transport Proteins (transport

channels)channels) Cholesterol (structure Cholesterol (structure

and stability)and stability)

Cell OrganellesCell Organelles

Cell membraneCell membrane Cell wall (plants only)Cell wall (plants only) Endoplasmic Endoplasmic

reticulumreticulum Smooth and RoughSmooth and Rough

Golgi apparatusGolgi apparatus MitochondriaMitochondria Chloroplasts (plants Chloroplasts (plants

only)only)

Cell OrganellesCell Organelles

LysosomesLysosomes VacuoleVacuole Centrioles (visible in Centrioles (visible in

animals)animals) NucleusNucleus NucleolusNucleolus RibosomesRibosomes

TransportTransport

How do things How do things molecules or particles molecules or particles move?move? Gases and Liquids can Gases and Liquids can

have particles have particles suspended in themsuspended in them

Random Collisions of Random Collisions of these particles create these particles create movement, and cause movement, and cause them to spread out.them to spread out.

Passive TransportPassive Transport

Does not require energyDoes not require energy Two types:Two types:

Diffusion: from high Diffusion: from high concentration to low concentration to low concentration. Until an concentration. Until an equilibrium is reached.equilibrium is reached.

Osmosis: the diffusion of Osmosis: the diffusion of water.water.

Facilitated Diffusion: The Facilitated Diffusion: The diffusion of larger diffusion of larger molecules, with the help of molecules, with the help of transport protein.transport protein.

Facilitated Diffusion

Active TransportActive Transport

Transport across the Transport across the membrane that membrane that requires the use of requires the use of energy.energy. Usually occurs up the Usually occurs up the

concentration gradientconcentration gradient Uses ATPUses ATP