Rocks and MineralsRocks and Minerals

Georgia Performance StandardsGeorgia Performance Standards

Science: Science:

S3E1- Students will investigate the S3E1- Students will investigate the physical attributes of rocks and physical attributes of rocks and minerals.minerals.

Math:Math:

M3D1- Students will create and M3D1- Students will create and interpret simple tables and graphs.interpret simple tables and graphs.

Do you know the difference Do you know the difference between a rock and a mineral?between a rock and a mineral?

In this lesson, you In this lesson, you will become a will become a

geologist. Your job geologist. Your job is to investigate is to investigate the differences the differences between a rock between a rock

and mineral. Have and mineral. Have fun!! fun!!

Granite-rock

Gold-mineral

Types of Rocks

Sedimentary Metamorphic Igneous

slate graniteshale

conglomerate gneiss basalt

Sedimentary RocksSedimentary Rocks

Broken rocks, Broken rocks, shells, mineral shells, mineral grains, and other grains, and other materials are all materials are all sediments.sediments.

All these sediments All these sediments collect in layers to collect in layers to form sedimentary form sedimentary rocks.rocks.

Metamorphic RocksMetamorphic Rocks

Made by extreme pressure and/or heatMade by extreme pressure and/or heat

Can you identify either rock? Can you identify either rock?

Igneous RocksIgneous Rocks These rocks are These rocks are

formed from formed from cooled magma.cooled magma.

Magma is melted Magma is melted rock deep inside rock deep inside the earth.the earth.

Magma on the Magma on the crust of the earth is crust of the earth is called molten lava.called molten lava.

Discover How Rocks are FormedDiscover How Rocks are Formed

Click on the Click on the website below to website below to learn more about learn more about the three types of the three types of rocks and how they rocks and how they are formed.are formed.

http://sln.fi.edu/fellows/payton/rocks/create/index.html

Sedimentary

IgneousMetamorphic

Both Experience heat and pressure.

All are made of

minerals.

They are both pressed down.

What are Minerals?What are Minerals?

A mineral is a solid A mineral is a solid material made of material made of one substance, one substance, that occurs that occurs naturally on Earth. naturally on Earth.

Most of the common Most of the common minerals are made minerals are made of crystals. of crystals.

Look at all of my gold, I’m rich!!

GoldGold The first gold The first gold rush in America rush in America

was in was in Dahlonega, Ga. Dahlonega, Ga.

in the 1830’s. in the 1830’s.

Used to make Used to make money and money and

jewelry.jewelry.

CalciteCalcite Forms in cubes Forms in cubes and rectangular and rectangular

prisms. prisms.

Used in Used in toothpaste, soap, toothpaste, soap, glue, and gum.glue, and gum.

Talc Talc It is one of the It is one of the softest minerals.softest minerals.

Talcum PowderTalcum Powder

DiamondDiamond Hardest rock in Hardest rock in the world.the world.

Used to make Used to make jewelry.jewelry.

SilverSilver One if man’s One if man’s favorites, shiny favorites, shiny

and hard to find.and hard to find.

Used to make Used to make jewelry and jewelry and

coins.coins.

After surveying the After surveying the class about our class about our favorite gemstone, favorite gemstone, here are the here are the results:results:

Which gemstone Which gemstone does our class like does our class like the most? The the most? The least?least?

Our Favorite Gemstones

27

8

3

1

sapphire

ruby

diamond

emerald

turquoise

Lets Do Math!Lets Do Math!Read the graph below. Create two questions Read the graph below. Create two questions

about the various items and there about the various items and there hardness according to Moh’s hardness hardness according to Moh’s hardness scale. Exchange your questions with a scale. Exchange your questions with a classmate and check their answers.classmate and check their answers.

Moh's Hardness Scale

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

fingernail penny glass streak plate steel nail

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