1. By Marissa Welch
EDU 290
Central Michigan University
Rocks

2. A Rockis a grouping of one or more minerals
Three types
Igneous
Sedimentary
Metamorphic
What is a rock?
3. Rocks are very useful in the environment for things such as:
cement, gravel, building materials, countertops, tiles, and statues as well as other things like containing ground water and oils/gas
Helps to discover the history of the Earths atmosphere and life on Earth
Why study Rocks?
4. Igneous rocks are formed by cooling and crystallization of magma (below the Earths surface) or Lava (above the Earths surface)
There are two types of Igneous rocks
Intrusivewhich form from magma coming up from the mantle into the crust and cooling
Extrusivewhich form from volcanic eruptions
Igneous Rocks
5. Examples of Igneous Rocks
Granite is an example of an Intrusive Igneous Rock
It forms under the Earths surface from the cooling of magma leaking up from the mantle of Earth
Intrusive igneous rocks have noticeably large crystals and are usually rough to the touch unless they are polished
Examples: Kitchen Counters
The Continental Crust of the Earth is primarily made of Granite
6. Other examples of Intrusive Igneous Rocks:
Gabbro Andesite Diorite
7. Examples of Extrusive Igneous Rocks
Basalt is an example of an Extrusive Igneous Rock
The Oceanic Crust is made primarily of Basalt
Basalt is formed from lava on the crust of the Earth.
Because it is formed on the surface, the crystals are very fine-grained
8. ObsidianRhyolite Scoria
Other examples of Extrusive Igneous Rocks
9. Sedimentary Rocks
Sedimentary rocks are formed by the accumulation of sediments.
Sediments include materials from sand grain size to boulder size
There are three basic types of sedimentary rocks:
Clastic (physical weathering)
Chemical
Organic
10. Clastic Sedimentary Rocks
Clastic Sedimentary Rocksare formed from mechanical weathering debris
Mechanical weathering takes place when rocks are broken down without any change in the chemical nature of the rocks
breccia, conglomerate, sandstone and shale are some examples
Breccia
Conglomerate
Sandstone
Shale
11. Chemical Sedimentary Rocks
Chemical Sedimentary Rocks form when dissolved materials precipitate from solution
Example : Halite that forms from dried up saltwater lakes
rock salt (Halite) and some limestone are examples of Chemical Sed. Rocks
Halite
Limestone
12. Organic Sedimentary Rocks
Organic Sedimentary Rocksform from the dead plants and animals and their debris.
Coal and fossiliferous limestone are examples of organic sed. rock
An example of fossiliferous limestone has sea shells in it
Organic material comes from anything living or has lived before
Fossiliferous Limestone
Coal
13. Metamorphic Rocks
Metamorphic rocks have been modified by heat, pressure and chemical process
usually while buried deep below Earth's surface.
Exposure to these extreme conditions has altered the minerals, texture and chemical composition of the rocks.
There are two basic types of metamorphic rocks:
Non-foliated
Foliated
14. Foliated Metamorphic Rocks
Foliated metamorphic rocks: have a layered or banded appearanceknown as a foliation
Examples are gneiss, phyllite, schist and slate
produced by exposure to heat and directed pressure
Gneiss
Slate
Schist
15. Non-Foliated Metamorphic Rock
Non-foliated metamorphic rockssuch as marble and quartzite
do not have a layered or banded appearance
Quartzite
Marble
16. All pictures came from www.gelogy.com
Information on definitions came from the book used in Gel 100 at Central Michigan University
Information from slides 9-15 came from www.gelogy.com
Sedimentary information came from http://geology.com/rocks/sedimentary-rocks.shtml
Metamorphic information came from http://geology.com/rocks/metamorphic-rocks.shtml
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