- 1. All Rights Reserved, Copyright All Rights Reserved,
Copyright 1ABU DBS 2013, KL, Malaysia, 5-8, March 2013Workshop
EUNESCAP Workshop on EWB: Implementation and OperationsRole of JMA
issuing warning androle of broadcasters in
wellnessmessagingKazuyoshi SHOGENB-SAT, Japan8 March, 2013(JMA :
Japan Meteorological Agency)
2. All Rights Reserved, Copyright Contents Tsunami Warning
issued by JMA Earthquake Early Warning (EEW) issued by JMA Wellness
messaging in broadcasting2 3. All Rights Reserved, Copyright
Tsunami Warning issued by JMA3Major Earthquake and Tsunami
Disasters- Death/Missing over 100 people since 1868 - 4. All Rights
Reserved, Copyright Key players of tsunami disaster
managementCentral governmentCabinet OfficeSupervisor of national
disaster managementFire and Disaster Management AgencySupervisor of
local governments disaster managementMinistry of Land,
Infrastructure, transport and tourismAuthority on tsunami
protection infrastructure such as dikes and breakwatersResponsible
for code on earthquake-resistant constructionJapan Meteorological
AgencySingle voice of tsunami warnings in JapanMedia (TV,
radio)Transmit tsunami warnings and evacuation order/recommendation
to the public.Local government (Prefectures)Responsible for
prefectural disaster management.Local government
(Municipality)Responsible for municipal disaster management.Issuing
evacuation order/recommendation.4 5. All Rights Reserved, Copyright
5 6. All Rights Reserved, Copyright 6JMA seismometer networkNIED :
National Research Institute forEarth Science and Disaster
Prevention 7. All Rights Reserved, Copyright Tsunami Warning
Procedure7Mw : moment magnitudeShort period 8. All Rights Reserved,
Copyright Re-evaluation of tsunami based on Mw- Mjma (Mj) is based
on the maximum displacement amplitude ofstrongmotion seismometers,
and has the advantage of quickavailability.- However, due to
dependence on the short period (-10 sec.) wavecomponent, Mj is
prone to underestimate for gigantic or tsunamiearthquakes.-
Therefore, JMA also calculates moment magnitude (Mw) in 15minutes
using domestic broadband seismic waveform data to obtainproper
estimate of magnitude even for gigantic or tsunamiearthquakes, and
the initial warning is updated using Mw, ifnecessary.Mw=(log10
Mo9.1 )/1.5 (Kanamori(1977))Mw: Moment magnitude, Mo: Seismic
moment8 9. All Rights Reserved, Copyright Tsunami Monitoring
Network9Ministry of Land, Infrastructure,transport and tourism
JAMSTEC : Japan Agency forMaritime-Earth Science andTechnology 10.
All Rights Reserved, Copyright 10Update based on offshore
observation-Offshore observations are used for tsunami warning
update ifnecessary.-15 GPS buoys (10-20km offshore) and 35
Cable-type sea bottompressure sensors (-100km offshore) are used
for tsunami warningupdate in our operation.-Three DART buoys will
be deployed about 300-400km off the Pacificcoast of Tohoku in
2012.GPS buoy(Courtesy of Ports and Harbours Bureau of MLIT)(MLIT :
Ministry of Land, Infrastructure and Transport ) 11. All Rights
Reserved, Copyright 11Tsunami Warning Improvement PlanNew Technique
for Huge Earthquakes (March 2013-) 12. All Rights Reserved,
Copyright 12New Classification & Contents of Warnings etc.
(March 2013-)Mw : moment magnitude 13. All Rights Reserved,
Copyright 13New observation Information (March 2013-)Messages about
tsunami IndicationTsunami Warning/Advisory JMA issues tsunami
warnings or advisoriesaccording to expected tsunami height.Tsunami
warning (Major Tsunami, Tsunami) orTsunami Advisory is provided
within about threeminutes after the earthquake.Tsunami
Information(Estimated tsunami arrival timeand height for forecast
regions)Forecast of height and arrival times of initial waveare
provided for each forecast region.Tsunami Information(Estimated
tsunami arrival timeand high tide time at tidal
stations)Information on estimated tsunami arrival time andhigh tide
time at tsunami observation stations.Tsunami Information(Tsunami
observations)Observed tsunami arrival time and height attsunami
observation stations.Offshore Tsunami Information(Tsunami
Observations atoffshore gauges)Observed offshore tsunami arrival
time and heightat offshore gauges, and estimated tsunami heighton
the coast based on offshore observations.New information (from
March 2013) 14. All Rights Reserved, Copyright 14Dissemination of
Tsunami Warning and Earthquake Information 15. All Rights Reserved,
Copyright International Tsunami Advisory Services15 16. All Rights
Reserved, Copyright 16 17. All Rights Reserved, Copyright JMA, the
official single voice of warnings on naturaldisasters in Japan,
issues tsunami warnings using scenariotype tsunami database system,
in combination with denselydeployed domestic seismic network,
sophisticated dataprocessing system, and tsunami observations
network. After the tragedy of the 3.11 event, JMA decided to
improveits tsunami warning system in terms of rough but
earlyestimation of the size of huge earthquakes and improvementof
warning messages which promote early evacuation.Summary17 18. All
Rights Reserved, Copyright Earthquake Early Warning (EEW) issued by
JMA18 19. All Rights Reserved, Copyright 19 20. All Rights
Reserved, Copyright 20 21. All Rights Reserved, Copyright 21 22.
All Rights Reserved, Copyright Improvement of
PerformanceClassification bymain cause OutcomeSucceed to decrease
FalseAlarm (in simulation)22 23. All Rights Reserved, Copyright
Summary (Mw9.0 off the Pacific Coast TohokuEarthquake)The 2011 off
the Pacific coast Tohoku earthquake (Mw 9.0) generated
widespreadstrong ground motion, and seismic intensities of 6-lower
and 6-upper wererecorded in the Tohoku and Kanto districts over an
area of approximately 400 100 km. The durations of strong ground
motion were very long.JMA EEW functioned as expected;The JMA EEW
system issued one warning to the general public in the
Tohokudistrict before the start of strong ground motion. It was
earlier than the S wavearrival and 15 s earlier than strong ground
motion (intensity 5-lower) at the closeststation to the
epicenter.But it was not perfect;For Kanto region, JMA EEW expected
to be I=4, which is under-expectation ascompared with actual
observation(5L-6U). This is probably due to the large extentof
fault rupture.For aftershocks, JMA EEW did not always determine the
location and magnitudecorrectly, because many earthquakes occurred
simultaneously over a wide area,and system was confused.23 24. All
Rights Reserved, Copyright NHK provided the well-being information
(name listof evacuees) on ETV(Terrestrial), BS2(Satellite)
andFM(Radio) every day. ETV was switched off in themidnight (00:00
-05:00) for saving the electric power. NHK online provides evacuees
information withsearching function (place and name) on NHK HomePage
for PC.Wellness messaging in broadcastingExample : Tohoku Great
Earthquake (11 March 2011 - )24 25. All Rights Reserved, Copyright
Various Services in Digital AgeTV
RadioDatabroadcastingWebsiteMobile-phonewebsiteOne-segmentbroadcastingInternet
radio25 26. All Rights Reserved, Copyright Improvement of tsunami
warning broadcastWording of major tsunami warnings1) More
assertiveMajor tsunami is coming!2) More imperativeEvacuate
immediately!3) Sense of urgencyEvacuate to save your lives!26 27.
All Rights Reserved, Copyright Internet Radio serviceStarted on
Sep.1 20113 channels (R1 R2 FM)Available with smart phone27 28. All
Rights Reserved, Copyright http://anpi.jp/top?lang=en Service in1
October 2012 Access byPC, Smart phone,Mobile phone,
databroadcasting Wellnessinformation fromTelco,Broadcaster, etc.10
organizations,12 kind of data28 29. All Rights Reserved, Copyright
Access to Janpi on web or in data broadcasting29Search for aperson
bynameNHK websiteData broadcastingNHK ETVAccessible by PC, smart
phonemobile phoneJ-anpiPortal site or person finder 30. All Rights
Reserved, Copyright I deeply thank Mr. Tomoaki OZAKI and Mr.
YasuyukiYAMADA of JMA and Ms. Sayaka IRIE of NHKDisaster and Safety
Information Center for theirsupport and providing me with their
valuablepresentation material.30Acknowledgement
