Self test 2

89 Self Test 2

C h a p t e r s 7 and 8

2 Name: Class: Date:

35 marks

Section A: Multiple-choice Questions (9 marks)

For each question, there are four possible answers, A, B, C and D. Choose the most suitable answer and write its letter in the circle provided.

1. Which of the following is a method of reclaiming land? A Empoldering B Mixed landuse C Soil-less farming D Price increase

2. The demand for land rises because . A crops are being grown without soil B there is a loss of natural habitats C land is a scarce resource D the price of land is fl uctuating

3. One benefi t of mixed landuse is . A the decrease in travelling time for people B the decrease in the level of pollution C the increase in the fl ow of pedestrians D the increase in savings on construction costs

4. What is the purpose of building low walls or bunds at the end of each terraced step? A To channel water from the rivers to the fi eld B To reduce the speed of surface runoff C To prevent fl ooding D To separate two varieties of rice plants

5. Conserving land refers to . A the building of taller fl ats in order to save more space B the extensive use of irrigation to create more farmland C the clearing of more land for development D the careful use of land resources to ensure that damage is kept to a minimum

A

C

A

B

D

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90 Self Test 2

6. Water is a scarce resource because . A the price of water is increasing rapidly B of the increase in desalination plants C only 1 percent of the water on the Earth is readily available for human use D an ageing population needs more water

7. Which of the following steps is part of the water recycling process? A Reverse osmosis B Respiration C Boiling D Transpiration

8. When will the two water agreements between Singapore and Johor expire? A 2001 and 2041 B 2011 and 2061 C 2011 and 2041 D 2011 and 2051

9. Which of the following shows the use of technology as a way to increase water supply? A Increasing catchment areas B Signing more international agreements C Desalinating sea water D Educating the public through campaigns

C

A

B

C

91 Self Test 2

Section B: Basic Techniques (8 marks) Answer the following questions.

1. The map in Fig 1 shows the location of some reservoirs in Singapore.

Fig 1

Reservoir

A

B

C

D

Name of reservoir

N

•

• ••

A

D C

B

Study the map above. Identify and name the reservoirs labelled A to D. (4 marks)

Kranji Reservoir

Bedok Reservoir

MacRitchie Reservoir

Tengeh Reservoir

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92 Self Test 2

2. Fig 2 shows the top fi ve countries with the highest annual land clearing rates in the world. Study the fi gure and answer the questions that follow.

Fig 2

(a) Give two possible reasons to explain why the people in countries such as Brazil and Indonesia clear large amounts of land every year. (2 marks)

(b) Describe one impact land clearance can have on the physical environment. (2 marks)

Brazil

Lan

d c

lear

ing

rat

e (h

ecta

res/

year

)

0

1 000 000

1 500 000

2 000 000

2 500 000

500 000

Indo

nesia

Sudan

Zam

bia

Mex

ico

Country

(Source: Australian Conservation Foundation (ACF))

• Land in these countries may be needed for agricultural purposes, e.g. shifting

cultivation and plantation agriculture.

• As the population increases, more land is needed for housing, roads and

industries.

(Accept other plausible answers.)

Land clearance by deforestation can destroy the habitats of many plants and animals,

which may result in their deaths and even extinction.



93 Self Test 2

Section C: Structured Questions (18 marks)

Answer the following questions.

1. The photograph below shows Marine Parade, a housing estate in Singapore that was built on reclaimed land. Study the photograph and answer the questions that follow.

(a) Name one method that could have been used to reclaim the land in the area shown in the photograph. (1 mark)

(b) While land reclamation helps to overcome the problem of land constraint, Singapore

cannot continue reclaiming land forever. Give two possible reasons for this. (2 marks)

Landfi ll or empoldering

(Accept any one of the above.)

• Current technology in the landfi ll method only allows land to be reclaimed from

waters up to 15 metres in depth.

• As Singapore is surrounded by other countries, we need to ensure that we do not

extend our land into neighbouring territories.

• We are limited by the need to keep a certain amount of sea space for shipping

activities.

(Accept any two of the above.)


94 Self Test 2

c) State two other measures that the government has taken to overcome the problem of land constraint. (2 marks)

2. Fig 3 shows some of the household devices that can be used at home. Study the table carefully and answer the questions that follow.

Household devices Litres per use Percentage of the amount of water saved

Toilets

Conventional fl ush 19 —

Air-assisted fl ush 2 89%

Washing Machines

Conventional 140 —

Front loading 80 43%

Fig 3

(a) How much water does an air-assisted fl ush toilet save compared to a conventional fl ush toilet? (1 mark)

(b) Which type of washing machine would you consider as a water-saving device? Why? (1 mark)

(c) Why do you think water-saving devices such as air-assisted fl ush toilets are not widely used in homes in Singapore? (2 marks)

• Mixed landuse

• High density building

• Use of soil-less farming methods

(Accept any two of the above.)

17 litres

The front loading type of washing machine is a water-saving device as it saves 43%

more water that the conventional washing machine.

• They may be too expensive to install.

• There may be a lack of awareness that such devices exist.


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95 Self Test 2

(d) Suggest two other methods of water conservation that we can practise at home. (2 marks)

3. (a) Give two reasons why there is water constraint in Singapore. (2 marks)

(b) For households in Singapore, the water conservation tax is 30 percent for up to 40 cubic metres of water consumption per month. For water consumption above 40 cubic metres per month, the tax rate increases to 45 percent. (i) From the information given above, explain what water conservation tax is. (1 mark)

(ii) Why has the government implemented the water conservation tax? (1 mark)

• Washing dishes or vegetables in a fi lled sink or basin

• Turning off the tap while brushing our teeth


• There are no large rivers to provide an adequate supply of fresh water.

• Many water catchment areas have had to make way for housing and industries.


Water conservation tax is an additional fee or tax on the amount of water used by

households.

This is because the government wants to discourage people from using water

excessively.


96 Self Test 2

(c) Fig 4 shows a part of a brochure produced by PUB, the national water agency, to educate the public on ways to conserve the use of water in our daily lives.

Besides water conservation through public education, state three other measures that the Singapore government can take to ensure that there is enough water for the future generation. (3 marks)

Fig 4

• Increasingwatercatchmentareas

• Signinginternationalagreementsonthebuyingofwater

• Recyclingofwaterorwaterreclamation

• Waterdesalination

(Accept any three of the above.)

Technology

Self test 2