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@User Driven Open Ecosystems go really Local, in Mechelen (Belgium) 22nd - 23rd, 2012
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Smart Ci)es as Innova)on Ecosystems Sustained by the Future Internet -‐
Landscape, cases, policies
Mechelen, 22.05.2012
Hans Schaffers ESoCE Net & Aalto University School of Economics, CKIR
ScienBfic Coordinator of FIREBALL
www.fireball4smartcities.eu
The “Smart City” concept
q We oIen consider – based on rankings -‐ the Smart City as a reality
q Smart City: not a reality but an urban development strategy, and a mostly technology driven future vision
q Smart City is about how ciBzens are shaping the city, and how ciBzens are empowered to contribute to urban development
q Smart City is an urban laboratory, an urban “innovaBon ecology”, an accelerator and agent of change
q We are witnessing promising developments towards smarter ciBes
q What is the DNA of the Smart City?
The FIREBALL Project
q CiBes increasingly transform into what can be called “urban innovaBon ecosystems“
q CiBes start experimenBng the opportuniBes of the (Future) Internet through “living labs” approaches for engaging end-‐users in the innovaBon process
q FIREBALL aims to bring together CiBes, Living Labs and Future
Internet stakeholders to explore models and pracBces of how open innovaBon and user parBcipaBon supports the experimentaBon and uptake of the Future Internet
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FIREBALL Results
q Smart city vision, landscape
q Cases of “smart(er) ciBes”
q Smart city Future Internet -‐ enabled “innovaBon ecosystems”
q Smart CiBes roadmap and ciBes acBon plans
q Community building , creaBon of a Connected Smart CiBes network
q Portal and web 2.0 tools
Smarter Ci)es Cases
q Thessaloniki: Technology districts and broadband deployment, relaBvely uncoordinated. Governance challenges of digital ciBes, combining bo^om-‐up and top-‐down planning; gaps in digital skills, creaBvity, entrepreneurship
q Oulu: Careful ecosystem building and nurturing (triple helix) , supported by diverse ICT systems, may support urban development.
q Amsterdam: Enabled by advanced infrastructure, partnerships and co-‐funded programs lie at the basis of formulaBng joint smart city strategies and shared innovaBon agendas.
Intel Industry clusters and sectors
SmartHousing Districts
i-‐University
i-‐Science Parks and Incubators
i-‐Transporthubs
Intel CBDSmart
Port district
Smarter Ci)es Cases
q Helsinki: innovaBon cluster policy, emphasis on open innovaBon and ciBzen parBcipaBon. Instruments: compeBBons for innovaBons, innovaBon within pre-‐commercial procurement, living labs pilots, Open Data, public-‐private partnerships.
q Manchester: Neighborhood regeneraBon as starBng point; digital infrastructure, ciBzen engagement, creaBon of “virtuous cycles”
q Barcelona: urban development policy, main components of the Smart City strategy include Smart districts, living labs iniBaBves, e-‐Services, Infrastructures and Open Data.
Barcelona smart city development Leading role of City Hall
• Cibernarium• Citilab Cornella
• Municipal Police• New incidents tools• Intel environments
• 22@net• Barc activa• Tech park• Urban Lab• Strategic plan
• Kiosks• Internal gov• Open data• 3D projects SMART
GOVERNANCE
SMART ECONOMY
SMART PEOPLE
SMART LIVING
Smart city model: Three pillars
" Ubiquitous infrastructures
" InformaBon from sensors, open data, and ciBzens
" Human capital, actors, communiBes
Smart city Strategy " Smart Districts:
22@Barcelona; triple helix collaboraBons
" Living Lab ini)a)ves: 22@Urban Lab, Live, Bdigital, i2Cat, Fablab, Cornella
" Infrastructure building: tradiBonal and new. IntegraBon of ICT. From fibre opBc to Wi-‐Fi.
" New services to ci)zens: gov, quality of life, professional
" Open data: sensors, open standard, and city plaeorm
SC Management " CreaBon of networks of
actors, organisaBons, departments
" Broadband network and sensor data management
" CreaBon of proof of concepts for systems and applicaBons
Challenges " Demand for human
capital and skills " VC funding for innovaBon " Low global connecBvity " Development of triple
helix alliances " CollaboraBon between
government departments
Thessaloniki smart city development ICT transforming city activities and ecosystems
Broadband networks by large companies " ADSL: 24/1 Mb " Fibre opBc net: 2,5 Gb " 3G-‐HSDPA: 42 Mb " Wireless: free
(municipal nets)
Apps and e-‐services: BoQom-‐up ini)a)ves " City representaBon " City sectors " City districts " CiBzens. AggregaBon /
collecBve content " City administraBon and
social services " LocaBon-‐based services " City infrastructure and
uBliBes " City management
Planning for Smart district
" Development of wired and wireless networks
" Free Internet to users and business.
" Smart environments based on sensors
" e-‐services suitable for the community of each district
" Training services for involvement of end-‐users
Governance challenges: Three gaps to address (1) Digital skills gap -‐ TRAINING (2) CreaBvity gap – LIVING LABS (3) Entrepreneurship gap – BUSINESS MODELS
Manchester smart city development Digital strategies and smart environments for urban renewal
Urban regenera)on " Since mid-‐1980s the
City Council embarked on city regeneraBon
Ø Drive economic change through technology
Ø Focus on neighborhood focused acBon, creaBve city, and innovaBon
" In 1990s Manchester telemaBcs Partnership
" Currently, e-‐services to address inequaliBes and digital democracy
" Balance of top-‐down and bo^om-‐up acBons
Digital Strategy Started in 2008 and review
in 2011 with respect to EU Digital Agenda and consulBng with local stakeholders. Main objecBves:
" Digital inclusion, generate skills and tackle the divides
" Digital industries, new employment, cluster of digital and creaBve businesses
" Digital innova)on: working with the future Internet research community to support Manchester as Smart City
Toward Smart City Flagship ini)a)ves " East Manchester: a
regeneraBon challenge " Eastserve: first Living Lab " Corridor Living lab NGA
project " Next generaBon open
access fibre opBc network
Principles for Smart Ci)es " Neighbourhood
regeneraBon as starBng point for a smart city
" Digital collaboraBons through Living Labs
" Pulng people at the heart of the agenda
" An inclusive and sustainable approach to digital development
" Exemplar projects
Helsinki smart city development Living Labs and new clusters for smart city strategy
A Porterian cluster in mobile technology is emerging in Helsinki.
" Clustering strengthens moBvaBon, incenBves, innovaBon, and enables externaliBes .
" The mobile applicaBons cluster is sustaining Helsinki ‘s Smart City strategy
Factor condi)ons: Broadband, telecoms, NOKIA, skilled workforce, start-‐ups
Demand condi)ons: Government demand, banking , transportaBon, etc
Firm strategy: Companies within SMOPEC, global markets, intense local compeBBon
Suppor)ng industries: Broadband infrastructure, 3G nets, specialized service providers
Compe))ons for Open Data apps as strategy for cluster development
" The Helsinki Regions made available public transportaBon data
" Apps4Finland makes data available related to environment and spaBal informaBon
" CompeBBons and Living Labs as drivers for the M-‐cluster development
Empowerment Examples q Thessaloniki: emergence of developer
communiBes: e-‐services and applicaBons e.g. mobility services
q Oulu: PATIO (test user community tool): empower ordinary people to experiment new services
q Manchester: Digital City Test-‐Bed (as a vision)
q Barcelona: 22@Urban Lab: city as urban lab, pilot programs, use of public spaces, e.g. Open data
q Helsinki: compeBBons for innovaBve applicaBons e.g. Apps4Finland; InnovaBve City program; Open Data business development iniBaBves
Smart ci)zens and Open Data – Helsinki examples
q Smart city – service organisaBon in an innovaBve environment
q ExploiBng available informaBon
q Idea incubators use city data – Apps4Finland compeBBon
q Open interfaces are an important step in the development of the City’s systems
Tell-on-the-Map – map-based Commentary tool, enabling a dialogue between citizens and city
Apps4Finland competition – Helsinki Public Transport Visualised
Service Map: open information channel about offices and services
Smart city strategies implementa)on prospects and boQlenecks: SWOT
Strengths Opportuni)es
• Cultural heritage, a^racBveness • Development strategies, planning • Broadband network deployment • Major development iniBaBves
• CompeBBveness of local clusters • ExploiBng service innovaBon opportuniBes towards new business • OpportuniBes for local ICT sectors and entrepreneurship • Introducing parBcipatory city planning
Weaknesses Threats
• Top down orientaBon to planning • Lacking a^enBon to concrete needs of ciBzens and SMEs • Digital gaps • Lacking orientaBon on entrepreneurship • Weak policy and funding instruments • Impact and benefits measurement
• Economic crisis, lack of resources • Vulnerable business models for sustainability of public sector iniBaBves • Low level of private investment in R&D and innovaBon • Weak insBtuBonal environments for technology and innovaBon
Comparing the smart(er) city cases
Helsinki Thessaloniki Manchester Oulu Barcelona
Concept Smart City cluster, Mobile
Intelligent CiBes Urban regeneraBon
City of InnovaBon
Social and urban growth
Strategies Knowledge intensive cluster building
Building smart districts AgglomeraBon of Apps
Tackling skills and divides Pro-‐acBve approach
Technology Ubiquitous Oulu
Smart districts, Urban Living Lab
Drivers Strengthen the region
ICT and infrastructure deployment
Economic development
Policy and strategies of Oulu
Policies of city hall; triple helix
Challenges Human capital base
Digital skills gaps CreaBvity gap Entrepreneurship gap
Common digital agenda
Adapt policy instruments to create business
Enhancing collaboraBon; human capital / skills, funding
Innova)on ecosystem
Public private partnerships CompeBBon for innovaBon
InnovaBon clusters Technology districts
Living labs and local acBon
Strong PPP programmes, triple helix, urban lab
City hall leadership; Triple Helix models
Smart Ci)es cases -‐ lessons learned q Smart city is more an urban strategy than an urban reality. Smart ciBes will
appear through numerous bo^om-‐up iniBaBves besides some strategic planning, and infrastructure development.
q Top-‐down planning and bo^om-‐up iniBaBves should complement each other. City hall is someBmes dominant. Dilemmas of ciBzen engagement.
q Widespread use of pilots is preparing ciBes for iniBaBve, experiment and learning
q Districts, neighborhoods, and clusters are fundamental elements of smart city strategy, because the city is a system of systems, and ciBes co-‐exist within ciBes.
q A smart city strategy involves all actors, organizaBons, communiBes, R&D, NGOs, clusters, and authoriBes. The partnership strategy should achieve a common vision, flagship projects, collaboraBon and synergy.
q Major challenges for successful smart city strategies deal with skills, creaBviBes, user-‐driven innovaBon, entrepreneurship, VC funding, and management of intra-‐government rivalries.
q Lack of evidence on impact and effecBveness of smart city strategies.
Smart city innova)on ecologies enabled by “common assets”
q Future Internet testbeds as technology plaeorms
q Smart ciBes: policies, applicaBon pull, public data, ciBzens iniBaBves
q Living lab: User-‐driven playground for co-‐creaBng and validaBng innovaBve scenarios and services
Examples of evolving smart city “innova)on ecologies”
q Bretagne: ImaginLab testbed explores advanced applicaBons in living lab selng, offering wide range of services, enabled by advanced infrastructure, based on partnership business model
q Oulu: Octopus network, InnovaBon Kitchen, Open Web Lab, LearnLab, Ubiquitous Oulu and many more
q Barcelona: a diverse set of network infrastructures, faciliBes, iniBaBves (22@UrbanLab), living labs, projects, planning acBviBes, partnerships
q Manchester: advanced infrastructure of open access fibre to premises; support creaBon of ; co-‐ownership approaches
ImaginLab
Manchester
Simple models for concurrent use of testbed and living labs facili)es
Developing into a smart city requires “systemic change”
Present Short term Mid term Long term
Urban development Policies and strategies ICT-‐based solu)ons Technology development
q An innovaBon roadmap is a tool for creaBng consensus and understanding about potenBal futures and about the pathways towards these futures
q Understanding smart city dynamic development as “systemic change” requires understanding of interplays and co-‐evoluBon regarding technology developments, human behaviours, policies and strategies
q Living Labs, policy experiments may act as “niches” where opportuniBes are provided for limited scale innova)on and learning (introducBon, use, evaluaBon, modificaBon -‐> wider scale adopBon)
Changes and developments
q Increasing deployment of broadband infrastructure and creaBon of open networks and open data repositories
q Many ciBes are developing Smart City strategies, in the context of urban development, sustainable growth, revitalisaBon, and innovaBon districts
q Increasing parBcipaBon and empowerment of ciBzens in societal issues, using social media and open data on a wider scale
q Increasing interest for wider scale tesBng of services and soluBons e.g. energy efficiency, healthcare, environment monitoring, mobility
q Diversity of technologies for smart city applicaBons is becoming rapidly available (mobile broadband, cloud compuBng, open data, smart devices, content management, Web 2.0)
q User driven open innovaBon in ciBes (e.g. Crowd sourcing services based on sensor data) is gaining more a^enBon
q All kinds of city managed data could become publicly available to promote crowdsourced services and bo^om-‐up innovaBon (may also be misused)
Technologies for smart(er) ci)es
Technology area Main developments in rela)on to smart ci)es
Cloud compuBng q Urban clouds reducing IT costs and providing plaeorms for small business applicaBons and e-‐services q VirtualizaBon of physical spaces q StandardisaBon of plaeorms and applicaBons for smart ciBes
Real-‐world user interfaces, RFID
q IoT sensor networks in combinaBon with Web 2.0, social media, crowdsourcing providing opportuniBes for collecBve intelligence q Urban IoT plaeorms offering common framework for ambient sensor networks
SemanBc web, Linked data, Ontologies
q Open Data from various sources offer opportuniBes for advanced intelligence e.g. Detect pa^erns, generate alerts, visualize informaBon, predict trends q SemanBc Web enhances opportunity to merge different categories of data q Enables content and context fusion, immersove mulB-‐sensory environments, locaBon based context aware content q Enhanced opportuniBes for user involvement and user generate content
Innova)on roadmap for smart ci)es & Future Internet
REGIME Short term (2014) Medium term (2017) Long term (2022) Technological change (Dominant designs, emerging technologies, interoperability)
-CLOUD: Virtualisation -CLOUD: IaaS for smart cities
-CLOUD: Web platform -CLOUD: SaaS for smart cities - Content-context fusion
-CLOUD: PaaS for smart cities -CLOUD: Service integration
-IoT: RFID -IoT: Speech recognition -IoT: Open data apps
-IoT: Multimodal sensors -IoT: Location aware apps,
-IoT: Urban IoT platforms -IoT: Cloud based ontologies -Content-centric networks
Industrial change (Networks of technology developers, lobbying, standardisation)
-CLOUD: Large companies clouds, Google, MS, Amazon global clouds
-CLOUD: Large cities clouds -CLOUD: Standardisation of smart city applications / services
-IoT: Sensors into utilities and energy networks
-IoT: Alliances of large companies and major cities companies
-IoT: Large scale applications
Social change (Behaviour, routines, values, preferences, demand, end-users)
-CLOUD: Reduction of IT costs -CLOUD: Security issues raised -CLOUD: Disaster management addressed
-CLOUD: Continuity of service -CLOUD: Learning curve
- IoT: Experimental facilities -IoT: A few city pilots
-IoT: Multiple city pilots -IoT: Large scale demand for sensor-based city infrastructure
Policy change (Regulations, economic instruments, governance, agreements)
-CLOUD: Transition white papers -CLOUD: Preparing to the cloud
-CLOUD: Pilots at city levels -CLOUD: Legal and regulatory reform
-CLOUD: Whole smart cities on the Cloud
NICHES of radical novelties
Short term (2014) Medium term (2017) Long term (2022)
Technological change -CLOUD: SaaS -CLOUD: IaaS
-CLOUD: PaaS
-IoT: Experimental facilities -IoT: Open / linked data
-IoT: M2M in city environments
Industrial change -CLOUD: Private and hybrid clouds -CLOUD: Hosting of G city services
-CLOUD: SaaS and PaaS in the main domains of cities
-IoT: IPv6 and HTML5 -IoT: Smart gird / smart meters in cities Social change -CLOUD: Pilot city applications in city
utilities, districts, and gov -CLOUD: Large scale demand of smart city applications and services
-IoT: Sensors for city environment alert -IoT: Embedded city intelligence proof of concept
-IoT: Extended demand for sensor over city networks
Policy change -CLOUD: Government roadmaps to G services -CLOUD: US reform of IT management
-CLOUD: Standards development and adoption
-IoT: China encouraging technologies for IoT
-IoT: FP8 IoT PPP -IoT: Harmonisation of frequency bands
Implemen)ng the development process towards local digital agendas Phases
Major issues 1. Incep)on: 2. Defini)on 3. Opera)on 4. Sustainability
Infrastructure and resources: access and availability
IdenBfy availability and access requirements
User requirements defined and agreed; infrastructure accessible and agreements in place
ImplementaBon plan agreed and operaBonal; user groups established and working
Plan for future operaBon agreed with infrastructure and resource owners
CollaboraBon and business models
IdenBfy partners and condiBons for collaboraBon
Analyse benefits vs costs and agree jusBficaBon and arrangements for collaboraBon
CollaboraBon processes monitored and supported during the experimentaBon
EvaluaBon of benefits, costs and risks together with lessons learned and plans for future operaBon based on this
InnovaBon and project definiBon
Agree aims, objecBves, benefits of innovaBon
InnovaBon should be clearly defined, prepared and planned
Management plan agreed with monitoring and planned results
IdenBfy results and benefits for partners and stakeholders
Involvement and support
IdenBfy partners and stakeholders
Roles of partners and stakeholders agreed
Co-‐creaBon evolving in pracBce
Commitment for future parBcipaBon
Stakeholder engagement
Agree process for engagement
Matching of needs together with experience and/or experBse
User groups established linked to partners and stakeholders
Co-‐producBon potenBal idenBfied and agreed between users, partners and stakeholders
Summary roadmap towards a smarter city, example Manchester
Developments and changes Future vision Challenges and gaps F u t u r e s o l u ) o n s a n d innova)on needs
Digital infrastructure: Corridor digiBsaBon fibre project Low Carbon Open Data (LoDaNet) project and wireless roll-‐out
Connected ciBes: • Extending fibre and wireless across the city region • Developing new mutual business models
Sustainable business cases: • ImplemenBng new mutuals & social enterprises • Co-‐producBon of services
Ub iqu i t ou s sma r t c i t y infrastructures: • Infinite bandwidth, zero latency (IBZL) • Everyone, everything, everywhere
Smart City strategy: • InnovaBon legacy from Knowledge Capital InnovaBon Boardroom • Digital inclusion iniBaBves • Green & Digital
CollecBve intelligence: • Capacity building • Access to skills • Matching skills to jobs • Open data networks
InnovaBon economy: • Investment in digital infrastructure • Internet Hub • IncubaBon of new start-‐ups
InnovaBon culture: • InspiraBon & aspiraBon • Convergence of digital, creaBve and technical • Mutual aid
CiBzens engagement: • Smart CiBzens in Smart CiBes – SMARTiP project • Peoples Voice Media & community reporters
Co-‐producBon: • Test-‐beds for new services • Developing new delivery models • Support for new skills & training
Digital inclusion: • Barriers to access • Trust & privacy issues • IncenBves for engagement • Sustaining commitment
Open and parBc ipaBve innovaBon systems: • Co-‐creaBng and sharing of new assets • People as sources of interacBve data and services
InnovaBon test-‐bed: • Manchester Living Lab • Corridor projects • Manchester Digital • Sharp project
Common assets: • Open data and services • Accessible and affordable connecBvity
Technology push: • Dangers of “smart city in a box” • Corporate resistance to change • Legacy systems
New partnerships: • Four P’s: public, private, people partnerships • Smart open systems • Co-‐producBon
Challenges for next years
q Networks of Future Internet testbed faciliBes and living labs within and across smart ciBes and regions may become the backbone of European innovaBon ecologies and value networks – Horizon 2020
q CapabiliBes and resources, including experiment faciliBes , user oriented methodologies, service offerings and collaboraBon models enabling access and use of faciliBes and services should evolve
q Smart CiBes are environments to experiment technologies and applicaBons, however the potenBal for business creaBon and entrepreneurship should be sBmulated (e.g. DAIR, Canada)
q Open innovaBon and ciBzen empowerment requires finding new balances between top-‐down steering and bo^om-‐up iniBaBve
q Assessment of the impact and benefits of “smarter ciBes” in terms of value created for ciBzens. There is a lack of evidence showing impact, how can we achieve and measure the impact and value added of smart city iniBaBves?
Here you find more Download from www.fireball4smartci)es.eu
Call for Papers: Smart Applica)ons for Smart Ci)es: New Approaches to Innova)on
Special issue of the Journal of Theore3cal and Applied Electronic Commerce Research
Guest Editors: Hans Schaffers, Carlo Ral and Nicos Komninos
Full paper submission: May 2012 Publishing: December 2012 InformaBon: www.jtaer.com
Thank you ! Discussion
Contact: [email protected]