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NameAxiom Education (P) Ltd.
SchoolSchool of thinking out of box
Class IX
Address 512/513, MIDAS
Sahar Plaza ComplexJ.B. Nagar
Andheri- EastMumbai- 400 059
Phone No.022.28238110
Coal & Petroleum
Let’s start with an activity of identifying the materials which we use for our basic needs as man made and as natural
Resource.
Natural Resource
1. Air
2. Water
3. Soil
4. Trees
Man Made
1. Automobiles
2. Cell Phone
3. Computers
4. Air Conditioners
Natural resources
Naturally occurring substances
Valuable when in unmodified form
Value depends on demand and supply
Primary activities: extraction and purification
Natural Resources
Present in unlimited quantities
Not likely to be exhausted by human activities
Exhaustible Resources Inexhaustible Resources
Limited quantities
Likely to be exhausted by human activities
Exhaustible Natural Resources
Coal Natural Gas
Petroleum
Story of Coal
300 million years agoDense forests in low lying
wetland areasFLOODS
Forests got buried under the soil
More soil, compression
High Temperature
High Pressure
COAL
CARBONISATION
Coal
burns and produces carbon di oxide
Processed to get coke, coal tar & coal gas
Uses
COKE
Not the co
laTough
black
Porous
Manufacture of steel
Extraction of Metals
Coal Tar
Black Thick Liquid
Unpleasant Smell
Mixture of 200 substances
Uses of CoalSynthetic dyes
drugs
explosives
perfumes
Paints
Photographic materials
Roofing materials
plastics
Coal Gas
Obtained during processing of Cole to get coke
Used as fuel
PETROLEUM
Petrol is used as fuel in
small and light weight
vehicles like cars,
motorcycles and scooters.
Heavy motor vehicles like trucks and tractors
run on diesel.
Both petrol and diesel find their source in
petroleum.
Formation of Petroleum
MILLIONS OF YEARS AGO…Dead Sea Organisms Layers of sea sand and clay
2008…
VIOLA!! Emergence of petroleum and Natural gas!!!
Immense pressure and heat
PROPERTIES OF PETROLEUM-Dark, oily liquid.-Unpleasant odour-Mixture of various constituents like petroleum gas, paraffin wax, petrol, diesel, lubricating oil, etc.-Highly inflammable.
The process of separating the various fractions/ constituents of petroleum is known as REFINING.
DID
YOU
KNOW?
N
A
T
U
R
A
L
G
A
S
DID YOU KNOW?
-Easy to transport through pipes-Can be compressed under high pressure and stored as CNG-Used in vehicles as fuels-Does not pollute the environment-Used as a raw material in the manufacture of a number of chemicals and fertilizers.-Large Natural Gas reserves found in Rajasthan, Tripura, Maharashtra, and the Krishna-Godavari Delta.
Are they over?
CAUSES OF RESOURCE DEPLETION
GlobalWarming Lim
ited
Reserves
Long
Dur
atio
n
of F
orm
atio
n
MISUSE
The Petroleum Conservation ResearchAssociation gives petroleum users afew tips:
-Drive at a constant and moderate speed as far as possible.
-Switch off the engine at traffic signals or at places where you have to wait.
-Ensure correct tyre pressure.
-Ensure regular maintenance of vehicles.