Struts 2.x

Lato Sensu em Sistemas Orientados a Objetos

Módulo 4.2Struts 2

Friday, May 22, 2009

Lato Sensu em Sistemas Orientados a Objetos Desenvolvimento de Aplicaões Web Avançado - 1°/2009



2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009

Strut

s 0.x

Stru

ts 2

.x

Strut

s 1.x

Web

Wor

k 1.4

Web

Wor

k 2.2.

2





simplificar o desenvolvimento

web

Struts 2objetivo



Redução do XMLconvenção sobre configuração

anotações

Actions são POJOsmelhor testabilidade

bind automático de parâmetros HTTP

Struts 2objetivo



Interceptadorespré e pós-processamento

Extensibilidadeplugins

Result TypesJSP, Velocity, Freemarker

Injeção de dependênciasSpring, Plexus, PicoContainer

Struts 2novidades



In a nutshell



http://servidor/

app/action


http://servidor/app/action









http://servidor/

app/action

struts.xml











http://servidor/

app/action

ActionTeste.java











http://servidor/

app/action ok.jsp















XML mapeia POJO comum



método execute() obrigatório qdo

nenhuma configuração é feita no XML



o retorno do método execute() revela o

resultado da Action



Actione

struts.xml

libs

web.xml*.html*.jsp


http://web.xml

http://web.xml


At a glance



http://servidor/

app/action











http://servidor/

app/action

?











Struts 1.x



Struts 1.x

?



http://servidor/

app/action

FrontController!











<filter> <filter-name>struts2</filter-name> <filter-class>org.apache.struts2.dispatcher.FilterDispatcher</filter-class></filter> <filter-mapping> <filter-name>struts2</filter-name> <url-pattern>/*</url-pattern></filter-mapping>

web.xml


http://web.xml

http://web.xml


Estratégia deMapeamento de Actions



Estratégia de

Mapeamento de Actions

LoginAction.execute()

http://localhost:8080/app/entrar


http://localhost:8080/app/login



Estratégia de















Estratégia de




<action name="entrar" class="xpto.LoginAction"/>












Estratégia de


ControleDeAcessoAction.login()


<action name="entrar" method="login" class="xpto.ControleDeAcessoAction"/>





Estratégia de




<action name="entrar" method="login" class="xpto.ControleDeAcessoAction"/>











Estratégia de Mapeamento de Actions

Patterns Matching


http://localhost:8080/app/acesso_login






Patterns Matching




















Patterns Matching












Patterns Matching



<action name="acesso_*" method="{1}" class="xpto.ControleDeAcessoAction"/>










Patterns Matching

http://localhost:8080/app/Usuario/edit

UsuarioAction.edit()






Patterns Matching

























Patterns Matching

















Patterns Matching

<action name="*/*" method="{2}" class="xpto.{1}Action"/>







Binding



Dados de Requisição

usuario=alegomessenha=123456



Nada de ActionForms!bind automático



setUsuario(“alegomes”);setSenha(“123456”);


setUsuario(“alegomes”);setSenha(“123456”);






Como Actions são POJOS, nenhuma infra-estrutura mágica é necessária para

implementação de testes unitários.

Testabilidade





Tags


http://servidor/

app/action

login.jsp menu.jsp










<action name="login_*" method="{1}" class="br.ucb.soo.wa.struts2.lab3.LoginAction"> <result name="loginOK">menu.jsp</result> <result name="loginNOK">login.jsp</result></action>

public class LoginAction { public static final String USUARIO_ESPERADO = "alegomes"; public static final String SENHA_ESPERADA = "123456"; private String usuario; private String senha; public String autenticar() { if (USUARIO_ESPERADO.equals(usuario) && SENHA_ESPERADA.equals(senha)) { return "loginOK"; } else { return "loginNOK"; } }

//Gets e Sets}

struts.xml

LoginAction.java


<action name="login_*" method="{1}" class="br.ucb.soo.wa.struts2.lab3.LoginAction"> <result name="loginOK">menu.jsp</result> <result name="loginNOK">login.jsp</result></action>

public class LoginAction { public static final String USUARIO_ESPERADO = "alegomes"; public static final String SENHA_ESPERADA = "123456"; private String usuario; private String senha; public String autenticar() { if (USUARIO_ESPERADO.equals(usuario) && SENHA_ESPERADA.equals(senha)) { return "loginOK"; } else { return "loginNOK"; } }

//Gets e Sets}

struts.xml

LoginAction.java


menu.jsp

senha correta

<title>Menu do Sistema</title></head><body><h1>Seja bem vindo.</h1>

Escolha uma das abaixo.

<ul> <li><a href="servico_f1">Funcionalidade 1</a></li> <li><a href="servico_f1">Funcionalidade 2</a></li> <li><a href="servico_f1">Funcionalidade 3</a></li> <li><a href="servico_f1">Funcionalidade 4</a></li></ul></body></html>


senha errada

login.jsp

<title>Tela de Autenticação</title></head><body><form action="login_autenticar"> Login: <input type="text" value=""/><p/> Senha: <input type="password" value=""/><p/> <input type="submit"/></form></body>


<h1>Seja bem vindo, <s:property value="usuario" />.</h1>


<h1>Seja bem vindo, <s:property value="usuario" />.</h1>


<s:form action="login_autenticar"> <s:textfield label="Login" name="usuario"/> <s:password label="Senha" name="senha" /> <s:submit/></s:form>






mais infos...



Results&

Result Types


http://servidor/

app/action

login.vt menu.jsp











implementação da

Camada View

Resposta da Action

Results



Resultslogin.jsp menu.jsp

Action

FreemarkerVelocity XSTL



Result TypesFreemarkerVelocity XSTL

<action name="qqcoisa*" method="{1}" class="br.ucb.soo.wa.struts2.lab3.QQAction"> <result name="result1">menu.jsp</result> <result name="result1" type=”dispatcher”>some.jsp</result> <result name="result2" type=”freemarker”>login.ftl</result> <result name="result3" type=”velocity”>page.vt</result></action>



Result Typescustomizados

<result-types> <result-type name="dispatcher" default="true"

class="seu.pacote.SuaClasse"/> </result-types>

public interface Result extends Serializable { public void execute(ActionInvocation invocation) throws Exception; }



Dependency Injection



Interceptors


http://servidor/

app/action











RevisãoIntercepting Filters



RevisãoIntercepting Filters

actioninterceptors interceptors



Tratamento de exceção

Evitar submit duplo

Upload de arquivo

Ciclo de vida

Validações

Interceptorspra quê?

http://struts.apache.org/2.1.6/docs/interceptors.htmlFriday, May 22, 2009

http://struts.apache.org/2.1.6/docs/interceptors.html

http://struts.apache.org/2.1.6/docs/interceptors.html


Interceptors

<package name="default" extends="struts-default"> <interceptors> <interceptor name="timer" class="..."/> <interceptor name="logger" class="..."/> </interceptors>

<action name="login" class="tutorial.Login"> <interceptor-ref name="timer"/> <interceptor-ref name="logger"/> <result name="input">login.jsp</result> <result name="success" type="redirectAction">/secure/home</result> </action></package>



Pacotes de Interceptors<package name="default" extends="struts-default"> <interceptors> <interceptor name="timer" class=".."/> <interceptor name="logger" class=".."/>

<interceptor-stack name="myStack"> <interceptor-ref name="timer"/> <interceptor-ref name="logger"/> </interceptor-stack>

</interceptors>

<action name="login" class="tutuorial.Login"> <interceptor-ref name="myStack"/>

<result name="input">login.jsp</result> <result name="success" type="redirectAction">/secure/home</result> </action></package>



<interceptor name="alias" class="com.opensymphony.xwork2.interceptor.AliasInterceptor"/><interceptor name="autowiring" class="com.opensymphony.xwork2.spring.interceptor.ActionAutowiringInterceptor"/><interceptor name="chain" class="com.opensymphony.xwork2.interceptor.ChainingInterceptor"/><interceptor name="conversionError" class="org.apache.struts2.interceptor.StrutsConversionErrorInterceptor"/><interceptor name="clearSession" class="org.apache.struts2.interceptor.ClearSessionInterceptor" /><interceptor name="createSession" class="org.apache.struts2.interceptor.CreateSessionInterceptor" /><interceptor name="debugging" class="org.apache.struts2.interceptor.debugging.DebuggingInterceptor" /><interceptor name="externalRef" class="com.opensymphony.xwork2.interceptor.ExternalReferencesInterceptor"/><interceptor name="execAndWait" class="org.apache.struts2.interceptor.ExecuteAndWaitInterceptor"/><interceptor name="exception" class="com.opensymphony.xwork2.interceptor.ExceptionMappingInterceptor"/><interceptor name="fileUpload" class="org.apache.struts2.interceptor.FileUploadInterceptor"/><interceptor name="i18n" class="com.opensymphony.xwork2.interceptor.I18nInterceptor"/><interceptor name="logger" class="com.opensymphony.xwork2.interceptor.LoggingInterceptor"/><interceptor name="modelDriven" class="com.opensymphony.xwork2.interceptor.ModelDrivenInterceptor"/><interceptor name="scopedModelDriven" class="com.opensymphony.xwork2.interceptor.ScopedModelDrivenInterceptor"/><interceptor name="params" class="com.opensymphony.xwork2.interceptor.ParametersInterceptor"/><interceptor name="actionMappingParams" class="org.apache.struts2.interceptor.ActionMappingParametersInteceptor"/><interceptor name="prepare" class="com.opensymphony.xwork2.interceptor.PrepareInterceptor"/><interceptor name="staticParams" class="com.opensymphony.xwork2.interceptor.StaticParametersInterceptor"/><interceptor name="scope" class="org.apache.struts2.interceptor.ScopeInterceptor"/><interceptor name="servletConfig" class="org.apache.struts2.interceptor.ServletConfigInterceptor"/><interceptor name="sessionAutowiring" class="org.apache.struts2.spring.interceptor.SessionContextAutowiringInterceptor"/><interceptor name="timer" class="com.opensymphony.xwork2.interceptor.TimerInterceptor"/><interceptor name="token" class="org.apache.struts2.interceptor.TokenInterceptor"/><interceptor name="tokenSession" class="org.apache.struts2.interceptor.TokenSessionStoreInterceptor"/><interceptor name="validation" class="org.apache.struts2.interceptor.validation.AnnotationValidationInterceptor"/><interceptor name="workflow" class="com.opensymphony.xwork2.interceptor.DefaultWorkflowInterceptor"/><interceptor name="store" class="org.apache.struts2.interceptor.MessageStoreInterceptor" /><interceptor name="checkbox" class="org.apache.struts2.interceptor.CheckboxInterceptor" /><interceptor name="profiling" class="org.apache.struts2.interceptor.ProfilingActivationInterceptor" /><interceptor name="roles" class="org.apache.struts2.interceptor.RolesInterceptor" /><interceptor name="jsonValidation" class="org.apache.struts2.interceptor.validation.JSONValidationInterceptor" /><interceptor name="annotationWorkflow" class="com.opensymphony.xwork2.interceptor.annotations.AnnotationWorkflowInterceptor" />

Interceptors



Exemplo

May 15, 2009 11:39:22 AM com.opensymphony.xwork2.util.logging.commons.CommonsLogger infoINFO: Starting execution stack for action //login_autenticarMay 15, 2009 11:39:22 AM com.opensymphony.xwork2.util.logging.commons.CommonsLogger infoINFO: Finishing execution stack for action //login_autenticar

<action name="login_*" method="{1}" class="br.ucb.soo.wa.struts2.lab3.LoginAction">

<interceptor-ref name="logger"/> <result name="loginOK">menu.jsp</result> <result name="loginNOK">login.jsp</result></action>



coisas muito mais complexas podem ser feitas...

Interceptors



coisas muito mais complexas podem ser feitas...

Interceptors

...e precisam ser testadas!



:-/

TestesDireto na Action







:-)

TestesAction Proxied




Ambos os sites propõem classes da apoio aos testes



// create action context for my action, feed// into the action context all request parametersMap requestParameters = new HashMap();requestParameters.put("param1", "param1-value");requestParameters.put("param2", "param2-value");Map actionContext = StrutsTestCaseSupport.getInstance().buildActionContext( "my.hostname.com", "get", "/myActionNamespace/myActionName", requestParameters);

// create the proxy for the action, this encapsulates all// the interception stack up to the real actionActionProxy proxy = StrutsTestCaseSupport.getInstance().createActionProxy( "myActionName", "myActionNameSpace",actionContext);// inject parameters as required

// let the full stack runString result = proxy.execute();

// confirm resultassert result.equals("myTestResponseString");

// look into mock HttpServletResponse, do whatever// tests I need to do: returned HTML, returned headers,// cookies, etc...String responseXml = ((MockHttpServletResponse) actionContext.get(StrutsStatics.HTTP_RESPONSE)).getContentAsString();assert responseXml.indexOf("success") != -1;

http://fassisrosa.blogspot.com/2006/11/unit-testing-struts-20.htmlFriday, May 22, 2009

http://fassisrosa.blogspot.com/2006/11/unit-testing-struts-20.html

http://fassisrosa.blogspot.com/2006/11/unit-testing-struts-20.html


Struts2testes

org.apache.struts2.util.StrutsTestCaseHelper

Generic test setup methods to be used with any unit testing framework.

com.opensymphony.xwork2.TestNGXWorkTestCase

Base test class for TestNG unit tests. Provides common XWork variables and performs XWork setup and teardown processes

com.opensymphony.xwork2.XWorkTestCase

Base JUnit TestCase to extend for XWork specific JUnit tests. Uses the generic test setup for logic.

com.opensymphony.xwork2.util.XWorkTestCaseHelper

Generic test setup methods to be used with any unit testing framework.



Mecanismo para modularização das configurações.

Include



Include<struts> <include file="billing-config.xml" /> <include file="admin-config.xml" /> <include file="reports-config.xml" /> ... </struts>

struts-default.xml e struts-plugin.xml são incluídos implicitamente em todo struts.xml



Mecanismo para organização lógica e reaproveitamento de configurações

Packages



Packages

<struts>

<package name="exemplo" extends="struts-default"> <action name="login_*" method="{1}" class="br.ucb.soo.wa.struts2.lab3.LoginAction"> <interceptor-ref name="logger"/> <result name="loginOK">menu.jsp</result> <result name="loginNOK">login.jsp</result> </action> <action name="logout/*" class="br.ucb.soo.wa.struts2.lab3.LogoutAction"> <result>{1}.jsp</result> </action> </package>

</struts>



Verificação declarativa de campos

Validators



conversion validatordate validator

double validatoremail validator

expression validatorfieldexpression validator

int validatorregex validator

required validatorrequiredstring validatorstringlength validator

url validatorvisitor validator

Bundled Validators

http://struts.apache.org/2.1.6/docs/validation.htmlFriday, May 22, 2009

http://struts.apache.org/2.1.6/docs/conversion-validator.html

http://struts.apache.org/2.1.6/docs/conversion-validator.html

http://struts.apache.org/2.1.6/docs/date-validator.html

http://struts.apache.org/2.1.6/docs/date-validator.html

http://struts.apache.org/2.1.6/docs/double-validator.html

http://struts.apache.org/2.1.6/docs/double-validator.html

http://struts.apache.org/2.1.6/docs/email-validator.html

http://struts.apache.org/2.1.6/docs/email-validator.html

http://struts.apache.org/2.1.6/docs/expression-validator.html

http://struts.apache.org/2.1.6/docs/expression-validator.html

http://struts.apache.org/2.1.6/docs/fieldexpression-validator.html

http://struts.apache.org/2.1.6/docs/fieldexpression-validator.html

http://struts.apache.org/2.1.6/docs/int-validator.html

http://struts.apache.org/2.1.6/docs/int-validator.html

http://struts.apache.org/2.1.6/docs/regex-validator.html

http://struts.apache.org/2.1.6/docs/regex-validator.html

http://struts.apache.org/2.1.6/docs/required-validator.html

http://struts.apache.org/2.1.6/docs/required-validator.html

http://struts.apache.org/2.1.6/docs/requiredstring-validator.html

http://struts.apache.org/2.1.6/docs/requiredstring-validator.html

http://struts.apache.org/2.1.6/docs/stringlength-validator.html

http://struts.apache.org/2.1.6/docs/stringlength-validator.html

http://struts.apache.org/2.1.6/docs/url-validator.html

http://struts.apache.org/2.1.6/docs/url-validator.html

http://struts.apache.org/2.1.6/docs/visitor-validator.html

http://struts.apache.org/2.1.6/docs/visitor-validator.html

http://struts.apache.org/2.1.6/docs/validation.html

http://struts.apache.org/2.1.6/docs/validation.html

<interceptor name="validation" class="org.apache.struts2.interceptor.validation.AnnotationValidationInterceptor"/>

struts.xmlFriday, May 22, 2009

<interceptor-ref name="validation" />struts.xml

<interceptor name="validation" class="org.apache.struts2.interceptor.validation.AnnotationValidationInterceptor"/>

struts-default.xml



<body><s:form action="login_autenticar" validate="true"> <s:textfield label="Login" name="usuario"/> <s:password label="Senha" name="senha" /> <s:submit/></s:form></body>

login.jspFriday, May 22, 2009

<validators> <field name="usuario"> <field-validator type="requiredstring"> <message>Nome de usuario obrigatorio!</message> </field-validator> </field> <field name="senha"> <field-validator type="requiredstring"> <message>Senha obrigatoria!</message> </field-validator> </field></validators>

br/ucb/soo/wa/struts2/lab3/LoginAction-validation.xmlFriday, May 22, 2009












http

://cw

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disp

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WW

/Big

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http://cwiki.apache.org/confluence/display/WW/Big+Picture

http://cwiki.apache.org/confluence/display/WW/Big+Picture


Afinal, por que Struts2?• Baseado em Actions

• Configurações

- XML e Annotations

• Actions POJO

- alta testabilidade

• Integrável

- Spring, SiteMesh e Tiles

• Opções de View

- JSP, Freemarker, Velocity e XSLT

• PlugávelFriday, May 22, 2009


“The Bootstap tutorials starts from the very beginning and steps through creating a

simple application.”

http://struts.apache.org/2.x/docs/bootstrap.html

Labs




Lato Sensu em Sistemas Orientados a Objetos

Q&AMSc. Alexandre [email protected]


Technology

Struts 2.x