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As of May 2013, bus rapid transit (BRT) has expanded to operate in 156 cities across the world, with 83 additional cities currently in the planning and construction stages. In 2005, the Metrobus BRT system came to Mexico City, replacing 1,383 obsolete, highly polluting microbuses. Since then, BRT in Mexico has expanded to 35 lines, with 526 buses transporting over 1.16 million passengers per day, along 156 kilometers (97 miles) of road. Mexico’s BRT impact has been felt in the form of 180,000 total commuting hours saved; a 110,000-ton reduction in CO2 emissions -- equivalent to the annual emissions from 22,917 passenger vehicles; and a 35% reduction in harmful particle pollution. EMBARQ director Holger Dalkmann emphasized BRT benefits as part of the Second Annual Future Megacities in Action 2013 conference, in Hamburg, Germany. Dalkmann also participated on two sessions, on mobility, integrated sustainable urban transport systems during a high-level conversation intended to advance discussion between public sector representatives, political decision makers, and researchers. Bus rapid transit integrating with city culture in Mexico Mexico City’s Metrobus is a good example of the versatility of bus rapid transit and its ability to adapt to historic districts, with cultural, tourist, and commercial value, while offering urban accessibility. Bus rapid transit has also helped make Mexico City’s streets safer for pedestrians, by recovering streets and sidewalk space for pedestrians and other road users. The bus rider experience has also been enhanced with entertainment and safety technology, as well as external fare systems, and accessibility for people with a variety of mobility needs. In 2009, the Mexican Federal government instituted the Public Transportation Federal Support Program (PROTRAM) to fund public transportation improvements in cities with more than 500,000 inhabitants. As a result, BRT systems are being promoted in 35 cities across Mexico with the support from the Federal government. But according to Dalkmann, BRT in Mexico still faces obstacles in the form of opposition from private bus operators, the need to build human skills to define quality BRT projects, shifting political agendas, and the limited number of communication strategies that currently in place to bring such projects into the public light, both before and after completion. Bus rapid transit systems are but a part to rethinking urban development around mobility, and Mexico’s transport planners should tap the potential for further integration between the Metrobus, suburban rail systems, inter-urban transport companies, the airport, the Metro system, and the Ecobici bike-sharing system in order to scale up a sustainable mobility future. Read more from Holger Dalkmann on TheCityFix.com: http://thecityfix.com/blog/author/hdalkmann/
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Sustainable Transport Solutions in Emerging Economies
Working Session - 10:30am-12:30pm
May 15, 2013
Future Megacities in Action Conference
Holger Dalkmann
Director, EMBARQ
World Resources Institute
The Global Network of EMBARQ
CONGESTION
ROAD SAFETY
CLIMATE CHANGE
PUBLIC HEALTH
2-5 cost of GDP through traffic
congerestion
Transport accounts for one-quarter of
global CO2 emissions
Traffic fatalities lead to 1.2 million deaths
every year and many more injuries
Physical inactivity causes 1 in 10 deaths
worldwide, on par with smoking
Paradigm Shift: Trend vs. Leapfrogging
Cheonggyecheon, Seoul, South Korea
Ahmedabad, India
3.3 million 1992 6.4 million 2011
Two Options: Sustainable or Unsustainable?
Today Ahmedabad, India
Population: 5.4m
Trips: 5.6m/yr
Year 2041
Population: 13.2m
Trips: 39.8m/yr
Automobility
Area: 6,484 sq. km
Emissions: 12.32m tCO2/yr
Traffic Fatalities: 5,232/yr
Sustainable Transport
Area: 50% reduction
Emissions: 84% reduction
Traffic Fatalities: 74% reduction
• Same population
• Same number of trips
• Very different outcomes
Transport Infrastructure Investment Estimates
Source: CEPT University, 12FYP, 2011
$10 Million
2030
0.4 Billion
USD/Year
0.6 Billion
USD/Year
1.2 Billion
USD/Year
0.8 Billion
USD/Year
8
9
Non-motorized
mobility
Public Transport
Public Spaces
Compact
development
with mixed-uses
Ground Floor for
commercial use
Parking & car
management
Community
Participation
Rethinking Urban Development: Mobility
Non-motorized
mobility
Public Transport
Public Spaces
Compact
development
with mixed-uses
Ground Floor for
commercial use
Parking & car
management
Community
Participation
Rethinking Urban Development: Mobility
Bus Rapid Transport in Mexico
Photo: CTS EMBARQ Mexico
Photo: CTS EMBARQ Mexico
Photo: CTS EMBARQ Mexico
Photo: CTS EMBARQ Mexico
Pho
to: C
TS E
MB
AR
Q M
exic
o
Photo: CTS EMBARQ Mexico
Photo: CTS EMBARQ Mexico
Photo: CTS EMBARQ Mexico
Photo: CTS EMBARQ Mexico
Evolution of BRT system in Mexico
2003 2005 2008 2009 2011
Length: 26 km
Fleet: 61 Length: 46 km
Fleet: 156
Length: 55 km
Fleet: 216
Length: 92 km
Fleet: 330
Length: 128 km
Fleet: 472
1,164,000
pp/day
2012
Length: 156 km
Fleet: 526
1,114,000
pp/day 814,000
pp/day 552,000
pp/day 497,000
pp/day 237,000
pp/day
4 lines, 156 km in 9 years, 500 buses, 1.160,000 people/day
Replaced 1,383 obsolete, highly polluting microbuses
17% of the users come from individual motor vehicles
110,000 tons of CO2 per year reduced (total 385,000 tons
reduced so far)
40% travel time savings per user (180,000 hours per year)
35% reduction in exposure to particulate matter (PM 2.5)
Metrobus in Numbers
Particulate matter emissions from ULSD
with technologies are similar to CNG
ULSD +
tech Non-ULSD
+ no
filters
Integrated Transport Systems: Mexico City
Inter-urban transport
companies
Airport
BRT system
Metro system
Bike system
Suburban rail system
In 2009, the Mexican Federal government instituted the
Public Transportation Federal Support Program
(PROTRAM) to fund public transportation improvements
BRT systems are being promoted in 35 cities in Mexico with
the support from the Federal government
PROTRAM funds mass transit systems in cities with
population over 500 thousand people
Upscaling: Mass Transit Program (PROTRAM)
35 BRT Systems:
o 5 build/under construction
o 30 under review / identification
BRT systems in Mexico
EMBARQ provides technical advisory for
the implementation of BRT systems:
1) identification 2) Preparation 3) Evaluation 4) Implementation
5) Monitoring
BRT Chihuahua
BRT Mexicali
BRT Ecovía Monterrey
BRT Chimalhuacán
BRT Tampico
BRT Acapulco
BRT Lechería
BRT Tijuana
BRT Puebla
Metrobus Line 5
BRT Monterrey
BRT Villahermosa
BRT Cd. Azteca - Tecámac
BRT Toluca
Authorized
Under review
Tren Sub 1 Cuautitlán
BRT Oaxaca
BT Puebla 2
Tren LRT Guadalajara
BRT Pachuca
BRT Cd Juarez
BRT León
Under construction
Opposition from private bus operators to bus transport
improvements, including BRT systems
Institutional capacity to design and implement BRT projects
Despite rapid implementation, BRT systems are influenced
by the time of political appointments
Scrapping buses only in a limited number of cases; in most
cases “replaced buses” are reallocated in other areas
Limited strategies to socialize the project to the public both
before and after completion
Challenges in the planning and implementation process
0
25
50
75
100
125
150
175
0
5
10
15
20
25
1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010
Cu
mu
lati
ve N
um
ber
of
Cit
ies
New
Cit
ies
Tracking BRT Adoption: Expanding Mobility
Around the World
2010: Guangzhou, Hefei, Yancheng, Zaozhuang – China;
Jaipur - India; Bangkok - Thailand; East London Transit –
UK; Barranquilla, Bucaramanga – Colombia;
Ecatepec- Mexico; Lima - Peru; Brampton – Canada; …
2000: Bogotá
(TransMilenio),
Colombia
1974: Curitiba
source: BRTdata.org, April, 2013
BRT Use is Expanding Around the World
source: EMBARQ, 2011
Planned / in
construction
(83 cities)
In expansion
(23 cities)
In operation
(156 cities)
Flickr user: mariordo59
Curitiba, Colombia Delhi, India
Guangzhou, China Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
Non-motorized
mobility
Public Transport
Public Spaces
Compact
development
with mixed-uses
Ground Floor for
commercial use
Parking & car
management
Community
Participation
Rethinking Urban Development: Mobility
Solutions need to be integrated and enable
accessibility
First step of innovation is easy – continuation is the
main challenge
Only managing the supply, but not the demand is
insufficient
Institutional arrangement is a pre-condition for
enabling change
National financial framework can help to upscale
solutions
Final remarks
Thank you
Holger Dalkmann - [email protected]
EMBARQ.org
TheCityFix.com
Questions? Comments? Contact us at [email protected]
Follow us on Twitter: @EMBARQnetwork
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