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Technology Applicability Framework (TAF) –a tool for scaling up and monitoring of Water, Sanitation and Hygiene Technologies for
providing sustainable service delivery
André Olschewski – Skat Foundation SwitzerlandBenedict Tuffuor – TREND Ghana
IRC Symposium, Addis Ababa, 9. - 11.04.2013
Uptake [number of units providing services]
TrialledTechnology
Little
High
Time
Today20 years ago
SuccessfulTechnology
Rope Pump in Africa
Rope PumpNicaragua
PromisingTechnology
From WASH Technologies to Sustainable Services
What is the TAF Concept of the TAF Methodology to apply the TAF Example from TAF application Outlook
Table of Contents
April 2013
TAF Technology Applicability Framework
The TAF is a decision support tool for assessing and monitoring applicability of a specific WASH technology for provision of sustainable services in a specific context
Target users of the TAF include government (national, local), private sector, NGO, academia, development partners
The TAF is based on a stepwise and transparent process that provides concrete information to design mitigation measures for improving performance of the technology used and of the introduction process
It is an participatory, facilitating and easy to use tool that triggers sharing of lessons learned between all actors including local and national level
April 2013
Rational for monitoring technology performance in
sustainable WASH service delivery
Usage Context- Need- Market- Policies- Capacities- Economy…
Context Factors on: Supply side
WASH Technology- Functions- Features- Requirements
Sustainable WASH Services
Physical Context
- Conditions- Applicability
Context Factors on: Demand side
Introduction process- Implementation- Supply Chain- Operation & Maintenance- Life Cycle Costs- Capacities- Follow up……
April 2013
Monitoring
April 2013
Regarding technology introduction process and use:- Supporting sustainable WASH Services incl. LCC and Equity
and Inclusion- Do no harm to environment- Innovation in WASH sector- Strengthening governance and accountability
TAF uses screening and assessment to assess critical factors related to inputs, on outcomes (service level) but also on the process of introduction involving all relevant actors.
Requirements for the tool “TAF”: Easy to use for all target users of TAF, applicable in different contexts, supporting inclusiveness, fostering accountability by involving all actors also during interpretation of results, linking to concrete actions
Extended sustainability goals considered in the TAF
Context
Technology
SCREENING
Need and
Applicability
Technical FunctionCharacteristicsPerformance
ASSESSMENT of technology applicabilityusing 18 indicators
Perspective of key actors
Use
r-B
uye
r
Oth
er
Inst
itutio
ns
Dim
ensi
on
s
Soc
Econ
Env
Inst
Know
Tech
TAF
Pro
du
cer-
Pro
vid
err
Cost model
Technology Applicability Framework TAF: The concept
Dimensions:Soc = Social Econ = Economical and Financial Env = EnvironmentalInst = Institutional, legal,
organisationalKnow = Knowhow and skills Tech = Technological
April 2013
Technology Introduction Process
TIP: the concept
Technology Introduction Process(TIP)defines tasks for actors involved in each phase of introduction process
TIP
- Generic concept- For water, sanitation and hygiene technologies- Applicable for different cost models, e.g. market based approach
April 2013
Uptake + O&MTIPPING POINT
INVENTION
High
Technology
Time
SuccessfulTechnologyIntroduction
UPTAKE & USE
Uptake [number of unitsinstalled providing services]
Actors
Inve
nti
on
Tip
pin
g P
oin
t
Up
take
+ U
se
Specific tasks per actor and phase
Technology Introduction Process
Actors Actors
Sustainability dimensions in TAF
Economic
Social
Environmental
OrganisationalInstitutional
Legal
Skills andKnowhow
Technological
April 2013
TAF components
Sustainability Dimensions- Social- Economic- Environmental- Organisational, legal, institutional- Skills and Knowhow- Technological
Use
r, B
uyer
Pro
duce
r, P
rovi
der
Reg
ulat
or,
Inve
stor
, F
acili
tato
r
Perspectives of Key Actorsin Introduction Process
= 18 TAF Indicators
TAF uses multiple entry points to address critical factors concerning sustainability of services provided by a specific WASH technology
April 2013
TAF Process
• TAF follows stepwise procedure in 4 steps
• TAF process is based on desk work, field visits & workshops
• All actors are involved in field visits, workshops and interpretation!
• TAF process supports sharing of experiences, accountability and governance.
• Structuered TAF process is easy to use, involvement of all actors fosters transparency and inclusiveness.
April 2013
Interpretation of possible TAF results
+
0
-
High value, neutral or positive, supportive characteristics
Potential impact, could become critical, needs follow up
Low value, negative, critical, hindering characteristics
? Unclear information, should be clarified
Interpretation per dimension
per particular perspective
As entire profile
or for specific topics such as O&M
April 2013
Su
stai
nab
ility
Dim
ensi
on
s
Technology
Skills &Know-how
Institutional & Legal
Environ-mental
Economic
Social
(4) (5) (6)
(7) (8) (9)
(10) (11) (12)
(13) (14) (15)
(16) (17) (18)
(1) (2) (3)
? ?
?
?
User/Buyer
Producers/Providers
Regulators/ Investors/Facilitators
+ +
+
+
+
+
0
0 0
0
-
-
-
-
Key perspectives
Testing of the TAF in 3 rounds in Burkina Faso, Ghana & Uganda
April 2013
Ghana: Biofil digester system
April 2013
TAF Profile: Example from BioFil, GhanaDimensionPerspective
User / Buyer Producer / Provider Regulator / Investor / Facilitator
Social Clear willingness to invest No active promotion; producer has strategically limited promotion
No need for behavior change and major social marketing
Economic Affordable if Capex is subsidised and if it is targeted at small towns
There is some profit margin – Producer willing to continue production. Huge marketing potential but producer will not be able to do it all alone
No subsidies for sanitation in line with national policies
Environmental There can be a potential for risks though not high. Further info on effluent quality needed.
Potential for local production without harmful input resources
Further info on reuse of manure & effluent needed. MMDA monitoring units need training & equipment which come at a cost
Institutional, Organizational and Legal
Required legal structures are feasibleNo legal requirements to register WASH technologies, but it helps for acceptability
Regulation of quality of construction supervised by an engineer. Quality of effluent checks not being done by EPA
Not fair to say it doesn’t meet quality standards since it has not been checked.Alignment with policies – has not been submitted for approval so cannot say
Skills and Knowhow
Users can deal with technology appropriately with respect to O&M
In terms of product development, sufficient skills and capacities exist. But not proven in the promotion and marketing side
Different orgs at the nat’l level-answering the question lumps them together and will present a mixed picture as some have and some don’t have the capacity
Technological User satisfaction high though it is in the developmental stage
Viable models for selling exist Potential exists for support. Unless the right orgs are approached, the support won’t come.
April 2013
There can be a potential for risks for environment though not high. Further info on effluent quality needed.
Further info on reuse of manure & effluent needed. MMDA monitoring units need training & equipment which
come at a cost. Potential exists for support. Unless the right
organisations are approached, the support won’t come. There is some profit margin – Producer willing to
continue production. Huge need and potential for marketing but producer will not be able to do it all alone.
Affordable if CapEx is subsidized and if it is targeted at small towns.
BioFil in Ghana: Issues for further consideration based on TAF assessment
April 2013
Using TAF for monitoring technology performance and related introduction processes
TAF methodology could be applied for
- monitoring of the performance of an existing WASH technology and of the introduction process
- to define concrete mitigation measures to increase technology performance but also of the introduction process
- for assessing readiness of an alternative technology for introduction
April 2013
Outlook
• TAF was tested in Burkina Faso, Ghana and Uganda on 13 different WASH technologies
• In all three countries government institutions were appointed as hosts for the TAF
• TAF is now used to monitor emerging technologies
• TAF and TIP will be used to develop/adapt guidelines for validation and introduction in all three countries
• TAF and TIP: available as open source by end 2013
April 2013
For further information
For Information on WASHTech, [email protected] or email to:
washtechafrica.wordpress.com
For details on TAF and TIP: [email protected]
c/o Skat Foundation
April 2013
Thank you!
