TEMPERATURE BASED

SPEED CONTROL OF FAN

GUIDED BY :-SUMAN SWAMI

PREPARED BY :-SUCHITRA [10EEBEC081]SUMAN SIDH [10EEBEC083]SUSHMA TANWAR

Introduction                     The circuit works on the feedback principle. The speed of the fan varies with the variation in the temperature. The speed of the fan increases if the temperature is increased and the speed of the fan decreases with the decrease in the temperature.LM35 produces its output voltage corresponding to the temperature. The temperature is given to ADC which converts the analogue variation in the voltage into the digital form. When the Vref  is properly selected (1V in this case)  then the temperature value appears on the  output pins of the ADC in the binary form. This output is given as input to the 8051 microcontroller. The input is compared in the microcontroller and the required output is produced.

List of components :-

• LM35 Temperature sensor• Micro-controller unit• Brushless variable speed DC Motor• N mosfet• Resistors• Breadboard• Red LED• Voltage regulator IC• Diodes• Capacitors

Hardware

Micro controller unit is used as the controller to maintain the DC motor speed at desired value, based on the input from the temperature sensor, in order to control the temperature. The duty cycle of the PWM (pulse width modulation ) from microcontroller will determine the speed of the DC motor.

Circuit Diagram

ALGORITHM

1. Initialize Ports, LCD and Motor Driver IC Input.2. Display project name on LCD.3. Clear LCD.4. Display set temperature range on LCD.5. Read analog Voltage Value from Temperature Sensor on AN0 of PIC.6. Temperature = Voltage / 107. If Temperature < Lower Temperature Range then7.1. Switch ON Heater7.2. Switch OFF FAN8. If Temperature >= Lower Temperature Range & Temperature <= UpperTemperature then8.1. Switch OFF Heater8.2. Switch OFF FAN9. If Temperature > Upper Temperature Range then9.1. Switch OFF Heater9.2. Switch ON FAN and control its speed using PWM generation10. Display Current Temperature range on LCD.11. Repeat Steps 5 to 11 infinitely.

SPEED CONTROLLER:

                             To control the speed of the fan a PWM (pulse width modulation) is used..

PWM (PULSE WIDTH MODULATION):                                    

  In pulse width modulation the power delivered to the load is varied by changing the duty cycle of the output voltage.

1. To deliver high power duty cycle is kept high2. To deliver less power duty cycle is kept low

Normal case: Pulse Width Modulation:

ConstructionThe construction started with mounting of the components on a project-board(Breadboard). The project board circuit arrangement is done stage by stage. The components for the temperature measurement stage, ramp generator comparator and ac power control components consisting of the opto-coupler and power triac are connected together with jumper wires. The temperature level control and power switch are put in place and eventually the power supply is connected finally to power the circuit. The analog to digital converter stage is also set up including the LED seven segment display to display the temperature value. The complete circuit is tested on project board.

Testing :-

The power supply is connected first of all and tested to ensure proper supply voltages. The temperature sensor output is measured also followed by the ramp generator, comparator, opto-coupler, power triac and the ADC. The test carried out is heating up the sensor and observing the speed of the fan increasing with the increased temperature picked up by the sensor and the test is also carried to establish the relationship between the temperature levels and the fan speed levels.

Applications :-

Temperature based fan speed controller is useful for cooling the processor in the laptops and personal computers “more efficiently”. Generally fan in laptop comes with only two or three possible speeds. So it results in more power consumption. The fan designed in this project, has different values of speed according to temperature change. This can be also used in small scale industries for cooling the electrical/mechanical equipment. The whole circuit except motor and fan can be manufactured on a single PCB, and it can be used for temperature based control operations.

THANK YOU