Temporary housing proposal group a

TEMPORARY HOUSING

FOR OOFUNATO CITY For: the ones that remain

Wan-ting Chiang _ Katerina Myrizaki _ Elaine Morales

Ofunato, Japan How do we understand the place?

Demographical In 2008, the city had an estimated population of 41,757 and a density of 129 persons per km² (2005 CENSUS) The total area is 323.28 km² Economy Ōfunato faces the Pacific Ocean, where there is a fishing industry. The city has been trying to establish itself as a major shipping port Facts Suffers from frequent earthquakes of various scales. Climate Highest temperature on August (28) Lowest on January (-4)

Ofunato, Japan - BEFORE Population 41,757

• Ōfunato is frequently affected by earthquakes and tsunamis (up to 25

meters) due to the geographic location, close to an undersea volcano.

• It is a coast culture town. The main economic industry is fishing

followed by commerce and factory production.

The last earthquake get 3 kilometers inland, and they experiment heavy

aftershocks (6.4 magnitude)

The physical and human loss was compounded by damage to local

businesses, factories, and industries, resulting in an economic loss

equivalent to three years’ worth of the area’s GDP. (All hands volunteers)

The Sakariki-machi market started to work 20 days after the tsunami.

Ofunato, Japan-AFTER Population 39,463 ( 339 dead, 98 missing)

Disaster: The Earthquake 3.11 What was the economical, and physical impact in the place?

The market helping to keep up

morale in an area devastated by

the March 11 quake and tsunami.

"This is so important to us," says

71-year-old Chioko Shomoto,

“This is where we relax and talk

and trade information."

STRUCTURE AND SCHEME Counterpart : Municipality and the Community - Machizukuri

SMALL

NGO

Govern

ment

/ M

unic

ipalit

y

Affected Residents

- Surveys in the refuges

- Meetings and

discussions

- To know: - Needs

- Characteristics of the

affected people

ST

RA

TE

GIE

S

purchase a disaster stricken land

The power of the place

STRUCTURE AND SCHEME Duration of supply

• Temporary Housing Supply – RECOVERY STAGE

• The temporary housing supply is proposed to be required at least for 5

years. Historical data of similar disasters shows that the recovery process

could be unexpected and long:

• Nantou,Taiwan = 7 - 10 years

• Kobe, Japan = 17 years (on going)

• Oofunato (Hypothetical) – around 10 years

It is recommended to extend the period of temporary housing until the

permanent relocation area is recovered or prepared.

STRUCTURE AND SCHEME Duration of supply

Phase I

10 hours

Phase II

100 hours

[4 days]

Phase III

1000 hours

[1.3 months]

Phase IV

10000 hours

[1.2 years]

5 years

7 years

Phase V

100000 hours

[11.5 years]

• Emergency Response / Saving Life

• Relief / Recovery of flow / Alternatives

• Recovery / Recovery of flow / Temporary

Recovery

• Reconstruction / Reconstruction Stock

Use of public facilities as refuge and

supply of resources.

Supply Temporary Housing

Extended period of Temporary

Housing

Relocation for Permanent Housing

Te

mp

ora

ry H

ou

sin

g P

lan

nin

g

RESIDENTS SELECTION The Concept

+

Pre- Earthquake Community 3.1

1

Vulnerable Community (Affected by tsunami)

Human Loss + Psychological Impact

VU

LN

ER

AB

ILIT

Y B

OR

DE

R

We pretend to supply temporary housing

to the families/individuals that are directly

affected by the tsunami and the human

loss. Our main goal is to create new

bonds from the commons feelings and

experiences, the output a new community

that can be relocated together in a

permanent place.

RESIDENTS SELECTION The Concept

Initial Accommodation

After 5 – years of temporary accommodation

Permanent Relocation in higher land

STRUCTURE AND SCHEME Number of houses intended to supply and it cost

Around 400 human losses = 400 broken households

There are around 2 or 3 persons per home (municipality data) = ~800 people to

accommodate.

400 single units are

needed 800 extension units

are needed

STRUCTURE AND SCHEME Number of houses intended to supply and it cost

Type Number Cost Unit Total

Single Unit 113 15,000 1,695,000

Dual Unit 113 20,000 2,260,000

Extended 112 30,000 3,360,000

Group 112 35,000 3,920,000

Co-housing 1 140,000 140,000

Proposal 451

-----------------

-

11,375,000

2 modules: Single Unit + Room

Ofunato, Japan- Site Selection

Ofunato, Japan- Site Selection Before and After

Ofunato, Japan- Site Selection Why here?

• Only 10% of households whose houses were completely destroyed desire to rebuild their houses “at the site where they had so far lived”.

• More than 50% of households whose houses were severely or half destroyed desire to rebuild their houses “at the site where they had so far lived”.

ACTIVE AREA before 3.11

place for all

WASHOUT by tsunami REGENERATION

activities

fighting the fear

Statistically NO TSUNAMI NEXT 10 years There is time to recover

Who? Original Residents or Near by Ones Maintain the personality

and memory of the place

- 90% of workers in “the fishery and fish culture industry” desire to continue their jobs.

Business and physical center of the town Close to permanent relocation site

- 400m – 600m away.

Ofunato, Japan- Site Plan Program

Harbor

Harbor

Port (1st Industry)

Park

Industrial/Commercial

(2nd and 3rd Industry)

Temporary Housing

Permanent Relocation

Ofunato, Japan- Site Plan Program Section

Port Landscape park Industrial/Com

merce

Temporary

Community

Higher

Land

Ofunato, Japan- Site Plan Outline Concept

Co-Housing

Temp. Housing Units

Disaster Boundary

(MEMORIAL) Commercial-

Industry

Park-Landscape

Recreation

Activities

Steeper Higher

Land

Community Public Space

Ofunato, Japan- Community Plan ten families

Single

Dual

Extended

Gro

up

Fro

nt

space

The quality of the

shared space

between families

or individuals

should be

develop by them

during the

recovery process

following their

needs and own

expectative.

Ofunato, Japan- Temporary Housing Units


Single Unit Scheme

Ofunato, Japan- Temporary Housing Local Materials for future relocation

The frame is made of timber, and the weight is supported by vertical columns,

horizontal beams, and diagonal braces. Timber is the traditional building material for

Japanese houses. It makes them airy which is important during the humid summer

months.

Ofunato, Japan- Temporary Housing Local Materials for future relocation

Areas like the kitchen and hallways have wooden flooring, but rooms in which people

sit, such as the living room can use other materials, the modules used for the flooring

follow the tatami standard size.


In order to avoid moisture from the ground, the floor is elevated several tens of

centimeters and is laid across horizontal wooden floor beams.


It has thin walls because of the mild climate, made of plywood which is often used.

Ofunato, Japan- Temporary Housing

There is a large roof and deep eaves to protect the house from the hot summer sun,

and the frame of the house supports the weight of the roof. The roof is covered with

tiles called kawara. It is sloped instead of flat, allowing rainwater to flow off easily.


Capacity of transform the space.

FLEXIBILITY


Permanent Relocation Condition: Traditional Japanese houses are built by erecting

wooden columns on top of a flat foundation made of packed earth or stones.


Co-Housing Scheme

Ofunato, Japan- Site Plan Maintenance

During the recovery process:

Workshops and trainings

Support Offices at Site

technical, health and mental care

Some economic help should be provided for the

ones that (in the present) don’t have income for

their families.

It is recommended that every year specialist review

the status of the structure

Ofunato, Japan- Site Plan After the contract

The possibilities of the temporary houses after the Recovery Stage

Transform the temporary houses to permanent ones

adding stronger basement

Buy or rent this housing to their past residents

If not feasible for rent or sell…

Transform into new building use.

Donate it for other emergency zones in the world.

Or Recycle the parts for new constructions.

Technology

Temporary housing proposal group a