The Etruscans and

The Roman Empire

7th century- trade with Mesopotamia inspires monsters and other Orientalizing motifs in funerary art

•Constructed temples of mud brick and wood•Tombs have frescos depicting funerary games and banquets•They really liked Greek banquet vases and imported a lot to put in their tombs

Bronze casting, engraved mirrors and cistae (casket to hold precious materials ) and stone sarcophagi

ORIENTALIZING ARCHAIC CLASSICAL & HELLENISTIC700 600 480 89

(separated in the periods of Greek art)

•700-600•Emerged as a distinct culture•Wealthy because they mined iron, tin, copper, and silver •Traded with Mesopotamia

• Their metals for foreign goods

• Made jewelry and other precious objects with designs influenced by Mesopotamia for homes and tombs

•600-480•Peak of their power•Etruscan Kings rule Rome•Powerful and wealthy city-states•Skilled in wood, mud brick, and terracotta temple construction•Most surviving artworks come from tomb chambers•Some stylistic aspects in artwork are similar to Greek•Depictions of people reclining while eating

•480-89•Decline of Etruria

• 474 defeated by Greek• Ended Etruscan domination sea

•Rome destroyed Veii in 396•City-states taken over by Roman military force•Etruscan culture becomes assimilated into Roman Culture•Number of grandiose Etruscan tombs decreases •Etruscan metalworkers create artworks to glorify Rome•All of Italy became Romanized by 89 BCE•Somber mood in Etruscan art

ETRUSCAN ART

Fibula

•Territory between the Arno and Tiber rivers of central Italy

•Region was centered around Florence

•Divided into city-states

•Were originally called the Rasenna

•Were likely a result of a gradual fusion of native and immigrant populations

•Contemporary to the Geometric Period in Greece

•Art producing culture related to but distinct from Italian and Greek peoples

THE ROMAN REPUBLIC

MONARCHY & REPUBLIC

EARLY EMPIRE

HIGHEMPIRE

LATE EMPIRE

•Hellenization of architecture•Veristic portraiture•1st and 2nd styles of Pompeii painting

•Revival of Classical Style in art and architecture•3rd and 4th style of Pompeii painting•Concrete Construction

•Trajan extends Roman Empire•Pantheon is built

•Late antique style•Portraits of soldier Emperors•Constantine founds a NEW ROME at Constantinople

753BCE

27 AD 96 AD 192 AD 337 AD

•Inspired by and copied Greek art•Emphasis on individuality through portraiture, veristic portraiture (ie. Showed wrinkles to illustrate wisdom and importance)•First Emperor Octavian/Augustus• used art effectively as political tool•Trajan, Rome’s greatest general•Spanned three continents

• part of a scene of Apollo and Herakles battle

• finest surviving Etruscan temple statue

• Energy and excited characteristic of Archaic

• Was at the rooftop of the Portonaccio sanctuary in Veii

• One of a group of four terracotta figures

• The statues depicted one of the 12 labors of Herakles

• Garment in similar to Kore garments• Distinctky Etruscan qualities: striding

motion, rippling drapery

Apollo of Veii, ca. 525-500 BCE

Terracotta sarcophagus from Caere, 520 BCE

Aule Metele, Cortona, Italy, early 1st century BCE

•Bronze statue of the magistrate Aule Metele (orator)•Raises his arm to address an assembly•Life size•Made during Etruscan decline•His name is inscribe on his garment•Wears toga and high laced boots of Roman magistrate•Short hair and aged face

Diving and Fishing, from Tomb of Hunting and Fishing. Tarquinia, Italy, 530 BCE

Gardenscape, from Villa of Livia, Primaporta, Italy, 30 BCE

•Hunters aim sling shots at birds, enjoying nature•Water running along bottom• Etruscan ideas of afterlife, watery afterlife?• Dolphins leaping-belief that the souls of sailors that had died

in shipwrecks•Engaging in activities in the afterlife•Reminiscent of Spring Fresco from Thera

•Gardening was a highly characteristic Roman art, by its very nature bringing order and harmony out of chaos•The remains of gardens recovered by excavation at Pompeii and elsewhere give an idea of the planning•Roman ideal of myriad plants with foliage of distinct tones and flowers of different colours. Birds of several varieties inhabit this grove, at once artificial and natural.

Portrait of Roman General, from Sanctuary of Hercules, Tivoli, Italy, 50 BCE

Head of an old man, Osimo, mid 1st century BCE, Marble, life size

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=T0fq3XFfxrY