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THE EVOLVING SEMANTIC WORLD
Barbara McGlameryTaxonomistMartha Stewart Living Omnimedia
ABOUT ME Masters in Library and Information Science
Long Island University
New York Public Library Branch librarian NYPL for the Performing Arts – Drama reference
Entertainment Weekly Data Manager
Time Inc. Senior Data Manager, Taxonomist, Metadata Architect,
Ontologist
Martha Stewart Living Omnimedia Taxonomist
WHAT IS THE SEMANTIC WEB?
The Semantic Web is a web of data…. (it) provides a
common framework that allows data to be shared and
reused across applications, enterprise, and community
boundaries.
--w3c
"The Semantic Web is not a separate Web but an extension of the current one, in which information is given well-defined meaning, better enabling computers and people to work in cooperation.”
--Tim Berners-Lee, James Hendler, and Ora Lassila, Scientific American, 2001
The Semantic Web is about making knowledge
machine and human-readable
---- Amit Agarwalhttp://www.labnol.org/internet/web-3-concepts-explained/8908/
Web 1.0 Web 2.0 Web 3.0
Connections Collaboration Intelligence
Big S semantic web
Little s semantic web
BIG S SEMANTIC WEB
…big "S" web technologies provide a
framework for describing data on a web page when
the data on the website is published. If data is read
or captured, because the data's semantic meaning
has already been described, you don't have to go
through the process of understanding the meaning
of the data after the fact.
--Sean Martin, CEO of Cambridge Semantics
LITTLE S SEMANTICS
Little "s" web technologies capture and filter data with no description or understanding of the data provided after the capture process. The process of understanding the meaning of that data starts once data capture has happened. People have to intervene to provide the context and meaning for language on the web.
--Sean Martin, CEO of Cambridge Semantics
Big S–
W3C approved
standard
Little s
Looser groups of unaffiliated
standards
BIG S SEMANTICS
ESSENTIALS OF BIG S SEMANTIC WEB
URI – Uniform Resource Identifier
RDF – Resource Description Framework
OWL – Web Ontology Language
Semantic reasoner (inference engine)
URI – UNIFORM RESOURCE IDENTIFIER
Way to identify things Images, pages of text, locations
De-referenceable Freebase
http://www.freebase.com/view/en/will_smith
• URI’s are unique, no two are the same• Will Smith http://www.freebase.com/view/en/
will_smith
RDF – RESOURCE DESCRIPTION FRAMEWORK
Framework used to describe relationships between objects
Extends and formalizes XML
Subject>Predicate>Object
RDF – RESOURCE DESCRIPTION FRAMEWORK
Subject>Predicate>Object
http://ew.com/PersonsTax/Will_Smith
http://ew.com/EntertainmentOnt/leadPerformanceIn
http://ew.com/EntertainmentTax/Movies/Bad_Boys
Will Smith Bad
Boys
>> >>>is the lead actor >>>>>>
OWL – WEB ONTOLOGY LANGUAGE
…designed to be used by applications that need to process the content of information instead of just presenting it to humans
-- W3C
OWL – WEB ONTOLOGY LANGUAGE
Metadata model Extends RDF to further define properties
Ex: Equivalent relationships
>> >>>is married to>>>>>>
>> >>>is married to>>>>>>
SEMANTIC REASONER
Software able to infer logical consequences from a set of asserted facts
Follows inference rules specified by OWL properties
Inverse Transitive Symmetric Functional/Inverse functional Equivalent
PUTTING IT ALL TOGETHER
Ontology Rule set
Classes and Properties
Taxonomy Application of Rule Set
Tags and Relationships
Everything is a statement Subject>Predicate>Object
Ex: Will Smith is lead performer in Bad Boys
BENEFITS OF RDF/OWL
Persistent URIs
Verifiable XML
Unambiguous Relationships
Polyhierarchy
Interoperability
LIMITATIONS OF RDF/OWL
Difficult to propagate across web
Challenge to integrate with legacy systems
Expensive queries
No “Killer App”
SEMANTIC WEB LAYER CAKE
LITTLE S SEMANTICS
RDFa - Resource Description Framework (in) Attributes
W3C recommendation that adds a set of attribute-level extensions to XHTML for embedding rich metadata within Web documents
Easy to implement Not HTML 5 compliant
RDFA: BEST BUY
LINKED OPEN DATA 2007
“Linking Open Data cloud diagram, by Richard Cyganiak and Anja Jentzsch. http://lod-
cloud.net/”
“Linking Open Data cloud diagram, by Richard Cyganiak and Anja Jentzsch. http://lod-cloud.net/”
Linked Open Data2010
MICROFORMATS
Semantic markup which seeks to re-use existing HTML/XHTML class attributes to structure data
Easy to implement Limited formats
MICROFORMATS: BON APPÉTIT
MICRODATA
A WHATWG HTML5 specification used to nest semantics within existing content on web pages
Officially supported by Bing, Yahoo, & Google Can imbed other markup languages like
RDFa, microformats, and Dublin Core Not well-known (yet)
MICRODATA:STEVE: THE MUSEUM SOCIAL TAGGING PROJECT
OPEN GRAPH PROTOCOL
Facebook-created markup language that turns any web page into an Open Graph Objects allowing for any page to become a Facebook page
I “Like” you Good for targeted advertising Limited in scope
OGP: MARTHA STEWART
BACK-OF-THE-NAPKIN COMPARISON
Features RDF/OWL
RDFa MF MD OGP
W3C standard
X X X
Extensible X X X
Pre-existing Vocabs
X X
Uses URIs X X
Easy to implement
X X X X
HMTL 5 compliant
X X X
Inferencing
X
STATUS REPORT ON S SEMANTIC WEB
Linked Open Data graph growing
Many countries have developed government sites with rich semantics
Development of Semantic search
More widespread adoption of lighter semantics
WHERE WE MIGHT BE GOING
Pharmaceutical industry identifies trends across clinical studies, and not just within them
News industry better targets content by locale
Department of Defense using it to make better decisions in the field
Utilized in advertising to drive more and more revenue
QUESTIONS?
Barbara McGlameryTaxonomistMartha Stewart Living Omnimedia(212)[email protected]