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Chapter 17: Theories, Frameworks, And
ModelsBy: Minette Din
BSN2A
Nursing Informatics Models
Graves and Corcoran’s model Schiwirian’s model Turley’s model Data Information Knowledge (D-I-K) model
Benner’s Novice to Expert model
Nursing Informatics Models
Specific Informatics Models
Philippine Healthcare Ecosystem model
Shift Left Model
GRAVES ANDCORCORAN’S MODEL
(1989) Nursing informatics as the linear progression - from data into information and
knowledge
Management processing is integrated within each elements, depicting nursing informatics as the proper management of knowledge – from data as it is converted into information and knowledge
MANAGEMENT
DATA INFORMATION
KNOWLEDGE
SCHWIRIAN’S MODEL(1986)
• Nursing informatics involves identification of information needs, resolution of the needs, and attainment of nursing goals/objectives
• Patricia Schwirian – proposed a model intended to stimulate and guide systematic research in nursing informatics in 1986
• Model/framework that enables identification of significant information needs, that can foster research (some what similar to Maslow’s hierarchy of needs)
GOAL
USERS
TECHNOLOGY
RAW MATERIAL(NURSING-REALATED
INFORMATION
TURLEY’S MODELS (1996)
TURLEY’S MODEL(1996)
Nursing informatics is the intersection between the discipline-specific science (nursing) and the area of informatics
Core components of informatics: Cognitive science Information science Computer science
COMPUTER SCIENCE
INFORMATION SCIENCE
COGNITIVE SCIENCE
NURSING
DATA-INFORMATION-KNOWLEDGE
DATA-INFORMATION-KNOWLEDGE MODELNI is a specialty that integrates nursing
science, computer science and information science to manage and communicate data, information, knowledge and wisdom into nursing practice (ANA)
Nursing informatics is an evolving, dynamic process involving the conversion of data into information, and subsequently knowledge
Important Note: Processing of information does not always result in the development of knowledge.
DATA
INFORMATION
KNOWLEDGE
CO
MP
LE
XIT
Y
HUMAN INTELLECT
BENNER’S LEVEL OFEXPERTISE MODEL
Every nurse must be able to continuously exhibit the capability to acquire skills (in this case, computer literacy skills parallel with nursing knowledge), and then demonstrate specific skills beginning with the very first student experience
Levels of Expertise
(Benner):
Levels of Expertise(Benner): Novice– individuals with no experience
of situations and related content in those situations where they are expected to perform tasks
Advanced Beginner – marginally demonstrate acceptable performance having built on lessons learned in their expanding experience base; needs supervision
Competent– enhanced mastery and the ability to cope with and manage many contingencies
Proficient– evolution through continuous practice of skills, combined with professional experience and knowledge; individual who appreciates standards of practice as they apply in nursing informatics
Expert– individual with mastery of the concept and capacity to intuitively understand the situation and immediately target the problem with minimal effort or problem solving
PHILIPPINE HEALTH CAREECOSYSTEM
Nursing informatics is a huge network that encompasses all the sectors of the health care delivery system – government agencies, health care facilities, practitioners, insurance companies, pharmaceutical companies, academic institutions, and suppliers
the government, different nursing associations and developmental agencies maintain and balance the network
INTEL’S SHIFT LEFTMODEL
Patient care shifts/progresses from a high quality delivery of life through technology with increased costs (right side) into quality of life with minimal health costs
Inverse relationship between quality of life and cost of care/day
PATIENT MEDICAL RECORDINFORMATION MODEL (PMRI):
BASIS OF EHR
The type and pattern of documentation in the patient record will be dependent on 3 interacting dimensions of health care:
Personal health dimension – personal health record maintained and controlled by the individual or family; nonclinical information
e.g. self-care trackers, directories of health care, and other supports
Health care provider dimension – promotes quality patient care, access to complete accurate patient data 24/7
e.g. provider’s notes/prescription, clinical orders decision support systems, practice guidelines
Population health dimension – information on the health of the population and the influences to health; helps stakeholders identify and track health threats, assess population health, create and monitor programs and services, and conduct research
e.g. Ushahidi program
*Important Terminologies (Data Sets):
ABC codes Perioperative Nursing Data Set
(PNDS) SNOMED CT International Classification for
Nursing Practice (ICNP) Patient Care Data Set (PCDS) NANDA LOINC
ABC CODES
mechanism for coding integrative health interventions by clinician for administrative billing and insurance claims
includes complementary and alternative medicine interventions and codes that map all NIC, CCC, and Omaha system interventions
Perioperative NursingData Set (PNDS)
universal language for perioperative nursing practice and education; standardize documentation of perioperative data in all perioperative settings
Diagnosis based on NANDA, interventions based on NIC, and outcomes based on NOC
SNOMED CT
core clinical terminology containing over 357,000 healthcare concepts with unique meanings and formal logic-based definitions organized into multiple hierarchies
InternationalClassification for
Nursing Practice (ICNP)
integrated terminology for nursing practice developed under sponsorship of ICN
ICNP elements:Nursing phenomena (nursing diagnosis)Nursing actions (nursing interventions)Nursing outcomes
Patient Care Data Set(PCDS)
terms and codes for patient problems, therapeutic goals, and patient care orders
developed by Dr. Judith Ozbolt
American MedicalInformatics Association
(AMIA)authoritative body in the field of medical
informatics and frequently represents the United States in the informational area of medical informatics in international forums
dedicated to the development and application of medical informatics in the support of patient care, teaching, research, and healthcare administration
National League forNursing (NLN)
Mission: To advance quality nursing education that prepares the nursing workforce to meet the needs of diverse populations in an ever-changing healthcare environment
Addresses faculty development and educational research
*Educational Technology and InformationManagement Advisory Council (ETIMAC) –
promote effective use of technology in nursing education, as a teaching tool and outcome for student-faculty learning
Healthcare information andmanagement systems
society (HIMSS)
assumes leadership role in the technology standards of nursing and advocacy of key innovations in health care delivery and administration
THE END