Tissueso Groups of cells similar in structure and function

o Four major types of tissues - Epithelial - Connective - Muscle - Nerve

Epithelial

Connective

Muscle

Nerve

Credits

Epithelial Tissueo Composed almost entirely of cells

o Continuous sheets of tissue held tightly together by desmosomes

o Classified by number of layers and shape of cells

Simple

Stratified

Simple Epitheliao Single layer of cells

o Three types - Squamous - Cuboidal - Columnar

Squamous

Cuboidal

Columnar

Pseudostratified columnar

Epithelial

Simple Squamouso Single layer of cells

o Cells are flattened and thin

o Functions include: -diffusion and filtration -lining for lymphatic and cardiovascular systems

Cuboidal

Columnar

Pseudostratified Columnar

Epithelial

Simple Cuboidal

o Single layer of cells

o Cells are cube shaped

o Functions include: -secretion -absorption

Squamous

Columnar

Pseudostratified Columnar

Epithelial

Simple Columnaro Single layer of cells

o tall cells that often contain cilia

o Functions include: -absorption -secretion -storage

o Goblet cells found in this layer

Squamous

Cuboidal

Pseudostratified Columnar

Epithelial

Pseudostratified Columnaro Single layer of cells

o Cells at different heights -some don’t reach the surface

o Functions include: -secretion -propulsion of mucus

Squamous

Cuboidal

Columnar

Epithelial

Stratified Epitheliao Multiple layer of cells

o Three different cell types: -squamous -cuboidal -columnar

Squamous

Cuboidal & Columnar

Transitional

Epithelial

Stratified Squamouso Multiple layers of cells

o Flattened cells form a thick membrane

o Functions include: -protection

Cuboidal & Columnar

Transitional

Epithelial

Stratified Cuboidal & Columnaro Stratified cuboidal: -rare in the body -typically two cell layers thick

o Stratified columnar: -limited distribution in the body

Squamous

Transitional

Epithelial

Transitional Epitheliao Several layers of cells

o Basal cells are cuboidal

o Surface cells are dome shaped

o Functions include: -stretchiness to permit distension

Squamous

Cuboidal & Columnar

Epithelial

Connective Tissueo Found throughout the body

o Most abundant primary tissue

o four sub-categories: -connective tissue proper -cartilage -bone -blood

Proper

Cartilage

Bone

Blood

Connective tissue propero Two sub-categories: -loose -dense

Loose

Dense

Connective

Loose connective tissueo Three sub-categories: -areolar -adipose -reticular

Areolar

Adipose

Reticular

Connective

Areolar connective tissueo Has all three connective tissue fibers

o Gel-like matrix

o Widely distributed throughout the body

Adipose

Reticular

Connective

Adipose connective tissueo Gel-like matrix with tightly packed adipocytes

o Reserves food-stores

o Insulates against heat loss

o Supports and protects

Areolar

Reticular

Connective

Reticular connective tissueo Loose ground substance with reticular fibers

o Found in: -lymph nodes -bone marrow -spleen

Areolar

Adipose

Connective

Dense connective tissueo Two sub-categories: -dense regular -dense irregular

Regular

Irregular

Connective

Dense regularo Has collagen and elastic fibers

o Major cell type are fibroblasts

o Make up tendons, ligaments, and aponeuroses

Irregular

Connective

Dense irregular o Irregularly arranged collagen fibers with some elastic fibers

o Major cell type is fibroblasts

Regular

Connective

Cartilageo Three sub-categories: -hyaline -elastic -fibrocartilage

Hyaline

Elastic

Fibrocartilage

Connective

Hyaline cartilageo Firm matrix

o Consists of chondrocytes that lie in lacunae

o Forms the costal cartilage

Elastic

Fibrocartilage

Connective

Elastic cartilageo Similar to hyaline cartilage but with more elastic fibers

o Maintains shape and structure while allowing flexibility

Hyaline

Fibrocartilage

Connective

Fibrocartilageo Matrix similar to hyaline cartilage with thick collagen fibers

o Provides tensile strength

Hyaline

Elastic

Connective

Bone tissueo Hard, calcified matrix with collagen fibers found in bone

o Stores calcium, minerals, and fat

Connective

Blood tissueo Fluid matrix

o Contained in blood vessels

Connective

Nervous Tissueo Transmits electrical signals

Muscle Tissueo Three sub-categories: -skeletal -cardiac -smooth

Skeletal

Cardiac

Smooth

Skeletal muscle tissueo Long cells with obvious striations

o Initiates and controls voluntary movement

Cardiac

Smooth

Muscle

Cardiac muscle tissueo Propels blood into circulation

o Involuntary

Skeletal

Smooth

Muscle

Smooth Muscle Tissueo Sheets of spindle-shaped cells

o Propels substances along internal passageways

Skeletal

Cardiac

Muscle

CreditsSound on all slides: Kourtney Scherrer

Photos on all slides: flickr.com

Content on all slides: Kourtney Scherrer