Towards Lightweight Cyber-Physical Energy Systems using Linked Data, the Web of Things, and Social Media

Towards Lightweight Cyber-Physical Energy Systems using Linked Data, the

Web of Things, and Social Media Edward Curry

Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, UC Berkeley, April, 2013

Digital Enterprise Research Institute www.deri.ie

Enabling networked knowledge

n  Cyber-Physical Energy Systems (CPES) ¨ Smart Buildings (experiences with new & legacy) ¨ Demand-Side Challenges

n  The Evolving Web 1.0, 2.0, 3.0… ¨ Social Media

¨ Linked Data

¨ The Web of Things

n  Lightweight CPES at DERI ¨ Architecture Approach ¨ Energy Management Applications

Overview



The Many Faces of CPES

Smart City Smart Grid

Smart Building Smart Enterprise



New Smart Building

4

Cost -‐ € 40,000,000



A Real-World Example

5

Time Monday Tuesday Wednesday Thursday Friday08:00-‐09:0009:00-‐10:00 237 237 200 23710:00-‐11:00 237 237 237 20011:00-‐12:00 237 180 180 145 23712:00-‐13:00 237 200 237 200 14913:00-‐14:00 14514:00-‐15:00 221 237 145 14015:00-‐16:00 221 120 160 14016:00-‐17:00 149 250 16017:00-‐18:00 200 160

CO2 levels

ASHRAE 62.1-‐2010

Occupancy PaGern

AirCon 8:30-‐11:00 & 15:00-‐16:00 Mon to Fri Cost -‐ € 40,000,000



Legacy Building

n  DERI Building ¨  No BMS or BEMS

¨  160 person Office space

¨  Café

¨  Data centre

¨  3 Kitchens

¨  80 person Conference room

¨  4 Meeting rooms

¨  Computing museum

¨  Sensor Lab

6



Energy Management System



Sensors

8 of 26



Energy Management Software



Holis&c Energy

Management

FaciliNes

Business Travel Data Centre

Daily Commute Office IT

Holistic Energy Consumption



Business Context of Energy Consumption

Resource Allocation

Energy

Finance

Asset Mgmt

Human Resources



Example KPI: Energy used by global IT department

CIO

Example KPI: PUE of the Data Center in Dublin

Helpdesk

Example KPI: kWhs used by server 172.16.0.8

Maintenance Personnel

Building

Data Center

CEO

CSO

Operational Analysis •  Technician needs

equipment power usage

•  Low-level monitoring Sensors, events

Strategic Analysis •  CIO needs high-level

business function power usage

•  CSO real-time carbon emissions

Tactical Analysis •  Manager needs energy

usage of business processes, business line or group

Multi-Level Energy Analysis

12 of XYZ



n Help users to: ¨ Understand energy data

¨ Support energy performance objectives & other business performance objectives

– human resources (i.e. occupancy comfort) – enterprise resource planning (i.e. room

utilization)

¨ Make appropriate energy saving decisions

Energy Situational Awareness



Key Challenges

n  Technology and Data Interoperability ¨  Data scattered among different systems

¨  Multiple incompatible technologies make it difficult to use

n  Interpreting Dynamic and Static Data ¨  Sensors, ERP, BMS, assets databases, …

¨  Need to proactively identify efficiency opportunities

n  Empowering Actions and Including Users in the Loop ¨  Understanding of direct and indirect impacts of activities

¨  Embedding impacts within business processes ¨  Engaging Users

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Universal Mechanism to Link Everything… ¨ Simple

¨ Lightweight

¨ Decentralized

¨ Loosely Coupled

¨ Scalable

¨ Standardized

….sounds a lots like the Web

What is Needed?



n  Motivation: Access multiple document systems at CERN

n  Key Enablers ¨  Leveraged existing protocols (TCP/IP/DNS/…)

¨  URI: Global Document Identification ¨  HTTP: Global Document Access ¨  HTML: Standard Format for Documents

–  But also supported many formats PDF, DOC, GIF, JPG, etc.

¨  Encouraged Interlinking: Hyperlinks between documents

Exposing and Linking….. …..but NOT replacing existing systems

Web 1.0 Document Sharing



The Evolving Web 2.0, 3.0, …

Linked Data Web of Things Social Media



(Real-time) Social Media

n  User-centric platforms for interaction

n  Real-time User Interaction ¨  Twitter, etc.

n  Citizen Sensing ¨  Users reporting issues and

problems

n  Citizen Actuation ¨  Users enacting changes in the

environment



Linked Open Data Cloud

Over 300 open data sets with more than 35 billion facts, interlinked by 500 million typed links.

http://lod-cloud.net/

Linking Open Data cloud diagram, by Richard Cyganiak and Anja Jentzsch.

Media

Government

Geo

Publications

User-generated

Life sciences

Cross-domain

US government UK government

BBC New York Times

LinkedGeoData

19

BestBuy Overstock.com Facebook


Enabling networked knowledge 20 of 46

Two Key Ingredients

1.  RDF – Resource Description Framework Graph based Data – nodes and arcs ¨  Identifies objects (URIs)

¨  Interlink information (Relationships)

2.  Vocabularies (Ontologies) ¨  provide shared understanding of a domain

¨  organise knowledge in a machine-comprehensible way

¨  give an exploitable meaning to the data



Why Graphs and Ontologies?

Cities:Dublin

84421km2 Geo:IslandOfIreland

EU:RepublicOfIreland

Geo:locatedOn

Geo:area Geo:hasCapital

Geo:hasLargestCity

Wikipedia.org

Gov.ie

EU:RepublicOfIreland

Person:EndaKenny

Gov:hasTaoiseach Gov:hasDepartment

IE:DepartmentOfFinance



Linked Data Principles

1.  Use URIs to identify the “things” in your data

2.  Use HTTP URIs so people (and machines) can look them up on the Web

3.  When a URI is looked up, return a description of the thing in a structured format (RDF)

4.  Include links to related things to provide context

http://www.w3.org/DesignIssues/LinkedData.html



Linked Data Example

Resource Description Framework (RDF) subject - predicate – object

Edward Curry is the Occupant of Room 202e Edward Curry is the Occupant of Room 202e

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http://www.deri.ie/about/team/member/edward_curry/

http://lab.linkeddata.deri.ie/2010/deri-rooms#r202e

http://vocab.deri.ie/rooms#occupant



Web of Things

Image Credit: http://laurent.assouad.com/2012/www2012-the-web-of-things/



Constraint Application Protocol

25 25 25



Could we deliver a lightweight Cyber-Physical Energy System for the DERI Building using these technologies?

DERI Use Case


Enabling networked knowledge 27

Building Data Center

Office IT Logistics

Corporate

Organisation-level

Business Process Personal-level

Linked dataspace for Energy Intelligence





Applica

tions

Energy Analysis Model

Complex Events

Situation Awareness Apps

Energy and Sustainability Dashboards

Decision Support Systems

Linked

Dat

a

Support

Se

rvic

es

Entity Management

Service

Data Catalog

Complex Event Processing

Engine

Provenance Search & Query

Sourc

es

Adapter Adapter Adapter Adapter Adapter

n  Interlinked Cloud of Energy Data

n  Resource Description Framework (RDF)

n  Semantic Sensor Network Ontology (SSN)

n  CoAP = Constrained Application Protocol

n  Semantic Event Processing n  Natural Language Interface

n  Collaborative Data Mgmt.

n  Energy Saving Applications n  Energy Awareness



Corporate System

Building Management System Office IT System

Merging Entity Graphs

foaf:name en:memberOf

“Edward Curry” “DGSIT”

h:p://www.deri.ie/about/team/member/edward_curry#me Office IT

Building

Corporate

en:has_a

en:consumption foaf:name

10kWh “MacBook Pro”

h:p://energy.deri.ie#macbook15698

h:p://www.deri.ie/about/team/member/edward_curry#me

en:consumption foaf:name

rm:occupant

50kWh “202e”

h:p://lab.linkeddata.deri.ie/2010/deri-‐rooms#r202e

h:p://www.deri.ie/about/team/member/edward_curry#me

owl:sameAs owl:sameAs



Enterprise Energy Observatory

Smart Buildings Green Cloud Computing

Office IT Energy Mgmt. Personal Energy Mgmt.

Energy Saving Applications



Building Energy Explorer

31 of 26

1.  Data from Enterprise Linked Data Cloud

2.  Sensor Data 3.  Building

Energy Situation Awareness



Energy Analysis by Group



iEnergy – Personal



Step 1: Detect patterns of high or unusual energy usage

¨  Light turned on in rooms at night

¨  High energy use in meeting rooms without booking

Step 2: Tweet building occupants to check situation and take action

¨  Turn off lights, heat, devices, etc.

Energy Action Management with Social Media



Energy Action Management with Social Media

23.86% Energy Savings



n  Emerging Web trends (linked data, web of things and social media) may provide the foundations for a lightweight approach to Cyber-Physical Energy System

n  Research Challenges ¨  Investigating approach to complement existing CPES

¨  Applicability on critical infrastructure

¨  Human Task Management for Energy Action

¨  Privacy!!!

¨  …

Summary & Future Directions



Edward is a research scientist at the Digital Enterprise Research Institute. His areas of research include green IT/IS, energy informatics, linked data, integrated reporting, and cloud computing. He has worked extensively with industry and government advising on the adoption patterns, practicalities and benefits of new technologies.

He has published in leading journals and books, and has spoken at international conferences including the MIT CIO Symposium.

About the Presenter

URL: www.edwardcurry.org Email: [email protected]

Twitter: @EdwardACurry Slides: slideshare.net/edwardcurry



Selected References

Sustainability Use Cases n  Curry, E., et al . (2011). An Entity-Centric Approach To Green Information

Systems. 19th European Conference on Information Systems (ECIS 2011).

n  Curry, E., & Donnellan, B. (2012). Green and Sustainable Informatics. In, Harnessing Green IT: Principles and Practices. John Wiley & Sons

n  Curry, E. et al. An Environmental Chargeback for Data Center and Cloud Computing Consumers, in First International Workshop on Energy-Efficient Data Centers, 2012.

n  Curry, E. et al, Building Optimisation using Scenario Modeling and Linked Data, in 1st Workshop Linked Data in Architecture and Construction 2012

n  Curry E. et al, Enterprise Energy Management using a Linked dataspace for Energy Intelligence. In: The Second IFIP Conference on Sustainable Internet and ICT for Sustainability (SustainIT) 2012.

n  O’Donnell, J., Corry, E., Hasan, S., Keane, M., and Curry, E. 2013. “Building Performance Optimization Using Cross-Domain Scenario Modeling, Linked Data, and Complex Event Processing,” Building and Environment (62), pp. 102–111.



Selected References

Information Management n  Hasan, S. et al. (2011). Toward Situation Awareness for the Semantic

Sensor Web: Complex Event Processing with Dynamic Linked Data Enrichment. 4th International Workshop on Semantic Sensor Networks

n  Hasan, S. et al, Approximate Semantic Matching of Heterogeneous Events, in 6th ACM International Conference on Distributed Event-Based Systems

n  Curry E. (2012) System of Systems Information Interoperability using a Linked Dataspace In: IEEE 7th International Conference on System of Systems Engineering (SOSE 2012).

IT Management

n  Curry, E. et al. Developing an Sustainable IT Capability: Lessons From Intel’s Journey, MIS Quarterly Executive, vol. 11, no. 2, pp. 61-74, 2012.

n  Donnellan B. et al, (2011) A Capability Maturity Framework for Sustainable Information and Communication Technology. IEEE IT Professional 13(1).

n  Curry E, et al, (2012) Sustainable IT: Challenges, Postures, and Outcomes, IEEE Computer 15(11)



Credits

Partners n  Collaborators

¨  Souleiman Hasan (DERI)

¨  Sean O’Riain (DERI)

¨  Umair ul Hassan (DERI)

¨  David Crowley (DERI)

¨  John Breslin (DERI)

¨  James O’Donnell (LBNL)

¨  Edward Corry (IRUSE)

¨  Marcus Keane (IRUSE)