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Presentation by Alonso González for the CIAT KSW 2009
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Tropical Fruits
CIAT May 2009
Tropical Fruits
CIAT May 2009
Tropical Fruits
2001- Conformed as a project- approved by BOT
2005- New Leadership
2007 – TF project is embedded in the Markets, Institutions and Livelihoods outcome line of RDC2
2008 TF merged with the group of Rural Agroentreprise Development and with The Institute of Participatory Research in Agriculture to form the Outcome Line Linking Farmers to Markets.
2009 Back as a full Program and clearly visible in the CIAT Strategic Directions
Mission:
•Improve the competitiveness of smallholder producers of tropical fruits and service providers through information and technologies that result in more sustainable production practices and systems, better access to markets and increased household income
Key aspects of the program
•No germplasm based- No breeding
Partner institutions/farmers- Germplasm
•Partners are critically important to develop- implement the agenda
•Demand driven
•Multiprone-multidisciplinary approaches
•Focus in LAC
Production Processing Market
Crop management (IPM)
Germplasm Evaluation under Different Markets
Capacity Building, innovation, Institutional Strengthening
Germplasm Characterization
Germplasm selection
•Output 1: Technologies for improving the competitiveness of smallholder tropical fruit producers
Latin America and Caribbean Programs
Tropical Fruits MTP-2010-2012
Latin America and Caribbean Programs
Tropical Fruits MTP-2010-2012
•Propagation of planting material
Participatory selection of elite clones.• Product quality
Propagation technologies (low cost)
•Optimization of production systems
A closer look at the system level
• Relevant germplasm characteristics for
Farmers, traders, buyers (processors)
• Relevant germplasm characteristics for
Farmers, traders, buyers (processors)
Criterios de selección - Evaluación Participativa de materiales
Criterio Puntaje Relacionado con
Color de pulpa (amarillo-verdoso) 16
Adaptabilidad a diferentes pisos térmicos 16
Color cáscara Amarillo - Naranja 15
Consistencia dura del fruto 14
Fruto extra de 190 grs (+ -10) grs y 7 cm de diámetro 13
Calidad de fruta
40% (+ - 5) de cuajamiento 12
Buena Producción (20kg/planta) 9 Producción
Tolerancia a Fusarium 9
Tolerancia a Gota 8
Tolerancia a Bacteriosis 8
Tallo principal (Corto, grueso, vigoroso) 7
Tolerancia a Esclerotinia 6
Tolerancia a Enfermedades
Entrenudos cortos 5
Planta porte mediano ( 2 mt) 4
7 parcas bien distribuidas 3
Tolerancia a Ácaros 2
buen sistema de anclaje 2
Hojas grandes 0 Arquitectura de la planta
Propagation of tropical species
Solve specific issues
1. Phytosanitary2. Quality (clonal propagation)3. Costs
Clonal propagation of rootstocks
A Mejia, J Villamizar
• Low cost Low cost propagation laboratory-lulo laboratory-lulo• Low cost Low cost propagation laboratory-lulo laboratory-lulo
AslubelAslubel
• Methods
• Know how
• Impact --?
• Methods
• Know how
• Impact --?
Optimization and characterization of production systems
• Ecoregional Program of the AIEcoregional Program of the AI
• Decision and Policy Analysis Program Decision and Policy Analysis Program
• Ecoregional Program of the AIEcoregional Program of the AI
• Decision and Policy Analysis Program Decision and Policy Analysis Program
Ecosystem services
Land use system
Resource flow (inputs)
Product Quality
Resource flow (outputs)
Drivers of change
Assessment and modeling of resource flows and ecosystem services in fruit production systems
• Quantification of resource flows in selected fruit producing systems (chontaduro, lulo, mora, …)
• Identification and quantification of ecosystem services within the land use system
• Identification of major drivers affecting land use
• Representation of interactions between the elements in a model
• Up-scaling of farm-level data to the landscape level
Tropical Fruits MTP-2010-2012
•Output 2: Improved market value chain management .
Lulo (Colombia and Ecuador)
Andean Blackberry (Colombia- Ecuador)
Peach palm ( Colombia )
Science for impact: Linking Farmers to Markets
New business models for sustained trading relationships
GIAR (Gestores de Innovación en Agroindustria Rural)
ComercializaciónProducción Transformación
Supply chain Analysis- Peach Palm
$ 20.000/balde 14kg
$ 35.000/balde 14kg
$ 40 – 50.000/ balde 14kg
Productores
Intermediario Intermediario
Industria
Platonera
Consumo
Intermediario
$ 45 - 50.000/balde 14kg
Selección
Platoneras Platoneras
Venta al detalVenta al detal
• > 18 hours of work per day
• High price of raw product- too many intermediaries
• Women head of household
• Market expanding
• Great venue for income generation
Alcaldía Mayor de
Buenaventura
Tropical Fruits MTP-2010-2012
•Output 3: Technologies for management of diseases and pests
• Disease agent characterization
• Germplasm evaluation
• Generic pests (fruit fly---in progress)
• Management alternatives
• Disease agent characterization
• Germplasm evaluation
• Generic pests (fruit fly---in progress)
• Management alternatives
A Mejia, J Villamizar, Corpoica
Areas where avocados are affected by root rots (P. cinnamomi)
Some isolates of P cinnamomi are more aggressive than othersSome isolates of P cinnamomi are more aggressive than others
Caracterización de clones de mora (Rubus glaucus Benth.)Caracterización de clones de mora (Rubus glaucus Benth.)
Resistencia a la antracnosis:
Identificación de cuatro grupos de genotipos:
G1- altamente susceptibles – 2%
G2 – susceptibles - 67%
G3 – intermedios – 23%
G4 – resistentes – 8%
Resistencia a la antracnosis:
Identificación de cuatro grupos de genotipos:
G1- altamente susceptibles – 2%
G2 – susceptibles - 67%
G3 – intermedios – 23%
G4 – resistentes – 8%
GT CGA
ADN totalADN total
Caracterización molecular genotipos:
En proceso evaluación de RAMs (8 cebadores) para determinar diversidad en Rubus spp.
Caracterización molecular genotipos:
En proceso evaluación de RAMs (8 cebadores) para determinar diversidad en Rubus spp.
RAMsRAMs
qPCR (real time PCR)qPCR (real time PCR)
Detección e identificación mediante técnicas moleculares:Detección e identificación mediante técnicas moleculares:
Bio-PCRBio-PCR
Detección de 1×10–3 cfu ml –1 a partir de muestras
frescas de tejido
Diluciones seriadas de Ralstonia a partir de
muestra de tejido fresco
Ralstonia solanacearum -Ralstonia solanacearum - enfermedad del Moko en plátano enfermedad del Moko en plátano
Germplasm Evaluation- Disease Resistance
Lulo: In Colombia, Out of 36 clones evaluated, 3 showed resistance to Antracnosis (Colletotrichum gloeosporioides) y Gota (Phytophthora infestans). In Ecuador, interspecific hybrids showed the most promising behaviour.
Soursoap: 21 clones, 4 resistant to Antracnosis (C. gloeosporioides)
Avocado: Colección de cepas de Phytophthora cinnamomi para evaluar resistencia de patrones comerciales y clones colectados en Colombia
Andean Blackberry: Currently testing disease resistance of germplasm in Ecuador and Colombia (> 200 accessions total)
Plantain: Black sigatoka (Mycosphaerella fijiensis ) _
• Lots of interest from partners in the region
• Becomes a barrier for market access
• Losses ..up to 70% in some crops
(>1 billion US/year)
• Multiple individual projects- little sharing of
success stories and approaches.
• Proposal under development.
• Lots of interest from partners in the region
• Becomes a barrier for market access
• Losses ..up to 70% in some crops
(>1 billion US/year)
• Multiple individual projects- little sharing of
success stories and approaches.
• Proposal under development.
Fruit Fly: Regional coordination action for Fruit Fly: Regional coordination action for
4F: Fruit Fly Free Fruits.4F: Fruit Fly Free Fruits.
Fruit Fly: Regional coordination action for Fruit Fly: Regional coordination action for
4F: Fruit Fly Free Fruits.4F: Fruit Fly Free Fruits.
Reflexions
•We are co-learning with partners
•CIAT is well positioned to facilitate, and promote coordinated action in the region for TF research x development
•We need to develop and test a solid strategy for scaling up.
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