PREPARED BY:

SAKSHI MONGIA

2808037

CSE – 4TH YR.

INTRODUCTION TO UC

HISTORY OF UC

PRINCIPLE OF UC

MARK WEISER’s THREE KEY DEVICES

GOALS OF UC

UC Vs VR

TECHNOLOGIES WITH SAME PERSPECTIVE

GENERIC FEATURES

DESIGN PRINCIPLES

PROBLEMS IN UCS

UbiCompGC

APPLICATIONS OF UC

FUTURE OF UC

UbiComp PROJECTS

Ubiquitous computing is the method of enhancing computer use by making many computers available throughout the physical environment, but making them effectively invisible to the user.

-MARK WEISER

Ubiquitous computing, or calm technology, is a paradigm shift where technology becomes virtually invisible in our lives.

-MARCIA RILEY

Researchers at the computer lab of XEROX’s PARC(Palo Alto Research Center) first articulated the idea of UBIQUITOUS COMPUTING in 1988.

They called UC “…highest ideal is to make a computer so embedded, so fitting, so natural, that we use it without even thinking about it.”

“The most profoundtechnologies arethose thatdissappear. Theyweave themselvesinto the fabric ofeveryday life untilthey areindistinguishablefrom it.”

XEROX PAD - Pads were small, tablet sized laptopcomputers, similar to today’s Tablet PC’s. One of XEROXPARC’s pad devices was labeled the MPad. It was designed toprovide the freedom of a portable, wireless tablet computer whilestill maintaining the power of a workstation.

XEROX TAB - Tabs were small handheld computing devices,similar to today’s palmtop computers. XEROX PARC envisionedTabs as the entry way for data in the ubiquitous computing era;useful enough to be used by everyone and small enough to beeverywhere.

XEROX LIVEBOARD - Liveboards represented the “yard-size” information bearers in the family of cooperating devices forcooperating people. Liveboards supported multi-user input.

Ultimate goal:

Invisible technology.

Integration of virtual and physical worlds.

Wireless technology.

Smart enough to sense and react to the situation.

Ubiquitous Computing is entirely different from Virtual Reality.

Ubiquitous Computing

filling the real world with computers

Virtual and Augmented Reality

making the real world in a computer!

PERVASIVE COMPUTING: refer a to the use ofcomputers in everyday life including PDAs,Smartphone and other mobile devices.

CALM TECHNOLOGY: technology thatremains in the background until needed & thusenables a person to interact with it in a calm,engaged manner.

AMBIENT INTELLIGENCE: it refers toelectronic environments that are sensitive &responsive to the presence of people.

Transparent

Interfaces

Awareness of

Context(s)

Capture Experience

hide their presence from user. Provide interaction between user and

application.

Need:- flexible interfaces- Varied interfaces that can provide similar

functionality

Example: Gesture recognition, speech recognition, free

form pen interaction, computational perception etc.

o Information about the environment with which

the application is associated.

o EXAMPLE:

• user’s state and surroundings (LOCATION &

TIME).

o Context aware application:

- is one which can capture the context

- assign meaning to it

- change behavior accordingly

To capture our day-to-day experience and make it available for future use.

Constraints:

- Multiple streams of information

- Their time synchronization

- Their correlation and integration

Need:

Automated tools that support capture, integration and future access of info.

Ubiquitous systems contain the principle ofdistributed system and mobile computing system.

Remote Communication

Distributed Security

Mobile Networking

Location Sensitivity

Effective use of Smart Space

Invisibility

Localised Scalability

Privacy & Security

Context Awareness

Radio Frequency Identification (RFID)

Trust, Privacy & Security

Seamless Communication

Low Powered Devices

Self Configuration

Information Overload

Social Issues

UbiCompGC:

Experience (User) View

Design (Engineering) View

Science (Theory) View

To develop ubiquitous computingmethods and techniques that are sensitiveboth to the needs of individuals andsociety, and the impact upon them.

These will support the realization ofhuman experiences.

These will include new forms ofinteraction and new interaction paradigmsthat make ubiquitous computing usable byall.

To define engineering design principles that:

that pertain to all aspects of ubiquitouscomputing;

are agreed among both academic andprofessional engineers;

are instantiated in the design and rigorousdocumentation of several computationalsystems with a successful operationalhistory.

To develop a coherent informatics sciencewhose concepts, calculi, models, theories andtools allow descriptive, explanatory andpredictive analysis of ubiquitous computingat many levels of abstraction;

To employ these theories to derive all itssystems and software, including languages;

To analyze and justify all its constructions bythese theories and tools.

Conductive textiles and inks

print electrically activepatterns directly ontofabrics.

Sensors based fabric

e.g., monitor pulse, bloodpressure, bodytemperature.

Invisible collar microphones.

Kidswear

game console on thesleeve.

integrated GPS-drivenlocators.

integrated small cameras.

flexible, bendable, digital paper Display

smart jewellery : emotional user interfaces, affective computing

A mat at the entrance of

home, provides a vital

connection between inside

and outside the house.

By sensing the body

weight and footprint of the

user, the smart mat

immediately recognizes

which user is stepping on

the mat.

specially for foreign languages and vocabulary

As the era of personal computers comes to a close and theera of ubiquitous computing emerges, technologicallyadvanced countries will enter a brave new world. A worldwhere computers are everywhere, but rarely seen.Computing machinery will be embedded to devices hiddenfrom view, while other computing devices will seem sonatural we will use them without believing they arecomputers.

The advances that will be made will create a new life stylefor human beings. It will be a lifestyle where computers aidand assist us in our daily lives. Even doing the mostmundane activity, such as looking up a telephone number,may be accessed as easily as speaking a person’s name.Sensors embedded in the environment around us will makelike simpler.

Ambient DevicesEU IST Disappearing ComputerProject Aura, CMU user attentionUNC “office of real soon now”augmented surfaces [Reki99]Microsoft Easy LivingOxygen, MITPortolano, Univ. of WashingtonEndeavour, BerkeleyCoolTown, HP Labs